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Challenge And Changne > Force Of Change Close To Home > Flashcards

Force Of Change Close To Home Flashcards

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1
Q

What is social change according to Kingsley Davis?

A

Leaving a thing or an attitude and adopting another by a society.

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2
Q

How does Maclver define social change?

A

A change in the human relationships.

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3
Q

What does Merrill state social change means?

A

Large numbers of persons engaging in activities that differ from those in which they or their parents engaged some time before.

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4
Q

What is the transformation of culture and social institutions over time referred to as?

A

Social change.

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5
Q

What is an example of social change?

A
  • Industrial revolution
  • Abolition of slavery
  • The feminist theory
  • Plastic and recycling
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6
Q

What are some characteristics of social change?

A
  • Sometimes intentional and planned
  • Can be unplanned
  • Inevitable
  • Controversial
  • Continuous process
  • Consequences are often unforeseen
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7
Q

What external factors influence social change?

A
  • Physical environment
  • Population change
  • Proximity to other social groups
  • Social environment, culture, and values
  • Technology
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8
Q

What defines a collectivist society?

A

Individuals are dependent on the group; personal needs come second.

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9
Q

What defines an individualist society?

A

Values autonomy, freedom, and competition; personal rights and freedoms are important.

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10
Q

What is a social paradigm shift?

A

A fundamental change in an individual’s or society’s view of how things work in the world.

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11
Q

When did the concept of paradigm shift emerge?

A

1970.

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12
Q

What is cognitive dissonance?

A

A state of having inconsistent beliefs/attitudes.

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13
Q

What is the primary focus of microsociology?

A

The study of small groups and individuals within a society.

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14
Q

What is the transition period known as adolescence?

A

The transition between childhood and adulthood, beginning with the onset of puberty and lasting between 18-21.

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15
Q

Who coined the term ‘adolescence’?

A

G. Stanley Hall.

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16
Q

What did Margaret Mead study?

A

Cultural and biological factors that shaped adolescent girls in Samoa.

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17
Q

What is Elkind’s Theory of Adolescent Egocentrism?

A

The belief that one is the center of attention and that experiences are unique.

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18
Q

What is socialization?

A

The general process of acquiring culture.

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19
Q

What is the role of socialization in an individual’s life?

A
  • Acquiring norms and values of culture
  • Role acquisition
  • Learning to control impulses
  • Developing self-concept (identity)
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20
Q

How does socialization begin?

A

It begins shortly after birth.

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21
Q

What is socialization anxiety?

A

Tension and discomfort felt by individuals during the socialization process.

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22
Q

What are developmental tasks according to Robert Havinghurst?

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A
  • Accept one’s physique
  • Develop healthy relations with peers
  • Establish emotional independence
  • Select and prepare for a career
  • Achieve socially acceptable behavior
  • Select a mate and prepare for marriage and family
23
Q

What are Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Sensorimotor
  • Preoperational
  • Concrete operational
  • Formal operational
24
Q

What is Erik Erikson’s focus in psychosocial development?

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A

The continual development of personality and behavior through the life cycle.

25
What are the three levels of moral development according to Lawrence Kohlberg?
* Pre-conventional * Conventional * Post-conventional
26
What is moral justification in the context of moral disengagement?
Serving a worthy purpose, although one wouldn’t normally do it.
27
What is euphemistic labeling?
Making certain things sound less gross.
28
What is the Stanford prison experiment an example of?
The impact of group dynamics on individual behavior.
29
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency for people to favor information that fits their beliefs.
30
What does cognitive dissonance lead to?
A tendency to rationalize behaviors that are inconsistent with one's core values.
31
What is the impact of peer groups on decision-making during adolescence?
Peer groups play an increasingly greater role in shaping individual social values and attitudes.
32
What is the significance of ethnic identity during adolescence?
It affects personal identity and can cause difficulties when going against dominant cultures.
33
What is moral justification?
Serving a worthy purpose, although I wouldn’t do it normally I will for a cause ## Footnote Moral justification allows individuals to engage in actions they might typically consider wrong by framing them as serving a greater good.
34
Define euphemistic labeling.
Making certain things sound less gross ## Footnote Euphemistic labeling is often used to soften the impact of negative actions or events.
35
What does advantageous comparison refer to?
In the grand scheme of things, I did something small ## Footnote This concept involves minimizing one's actions by comparing them to more severe actions.
36
Explain displacement of responsibility.
Willing to do dangerous acts, if we are not to blame ## Footnote This occurs when individuals feel that they can act without moral consequence because they are following orders or group norms.
37
What is diffusion of responsibility?
It wasn’t just me, it was a group of us. Blaming the whole group ## Footnote This phenomenon occurs when individuals feel less personal responsibility to act when in a group.
38
What does disregard for or distortion of consequence mean?
Evidence about hurting or harmful consequences ## Footnote This involves minimizing the perceived impact of one's actions on others.
39
Define dehumanizing.
The victims are animals - clothing, no names, and language. Minimize the person's pain ## Footnote Dehumanization strips individuals of their humanity, making it easier to justify harmful actions against them.
40
What is attribution of blame?
The circumstances are to blame ## Footnote This involves shifting responsibility from oneself to external factors or situations.
41
What is Merton's strain theory of behaviors?
Individuals are more likely to pursue illegal acts to achieve society’s most cherished goals when they are blocked from accessing the institutionalized means to these goals ## Footnote This theory explains how societal pressures can lead to deviant behavior.
42
What are the five adaptations in Merton's strain theory?
* Conformists * Ritualists * Innovators * Retreatists * Rebels ## Footnote Each category reflects different responses to societal goals and means.
43
What is social deviance?
Actions and behaviours that violate social norms including formally enacted rules, as well as informal violations of social norms ## Footnote Deviance can vary significantly across cultures and contexts.
44
What is cyberbullying?
An individual being bullied or harassed by means of inappropriate or hurtful pictures or messages on social networking sites, email, or other electronic means ## Footnote Cyberbullying is a significant issue affecting adolescents today.
45
What does social isolation lead to?
Withdrawal from normal social activity ## Footnote This can result in severe trust issues and an inability to participate in social interactions.
46
What are the five distinct elements of social alienation according to Melvin Seeman?
* Powerlessness * Meaninglessness * Normlessness * Social isolation * Self-estrangement ## Footnote These elements describe the varied dimensions of alienation individuals may experience.
47
What is the third leading cause of death in young people?
Suicide ## Footnote This statistic highlights the critical mental health issues faced by adolescents.
48
What is the 'DragonFly Effect'?
Insect able to move in any direction when its 4 wings are working in concert ## Footnote This concept illustrates how individuals can achieve significant results through effective use of social media.
49
What are the four wings in the DragonFly Effect?
* Focus your goal * Grab attention * Engage * Take action ## Footnote Each wing represents a different strategy for effective social change and engagement.
50
What is perceived scarcity?
A societal mindset focused on lack, competition, and the belief that there’s not enough to go around ## Footnote This mindset can stifle creativity and innovation.
51
What does Brene Brown suggest is essential for innovation and creativity?
Vulnerability ## Footnote Embracing vulnerability allows individuals to take risks and foster creativity.
52
What is the significance of the phrase 'I’m not enough'?
Talking down to yourself, not caring about yourself ## Footnote This phrase can be detrimental to self-esteem and personal growth.
53
Why is social change often resisted?
Fear of defying social norms ## Footnote Many individuals hesitate to challenge societal expectations, which can prevent progress.

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