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Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a force

A

It is a pull or push
A force cannot be seen, but the effect of it can be

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2
Q

What unit is force measured in

A

Force is measured in the Newton force can be measured with a spring balance or scale

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3
Q

Name all the different types of forces

A

Contact
field
gravitational
electrostatic
magnetic

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4
Q

What can happen if forces exerted on an object

A

Speeding up or slowing down deformation
rotation
Direction changes
object comes to a standstill

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5
Q

What are paired forces

A

Each object exerts a force of equal magnitude on the other object

the two forces are in opposite directions

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6
Q

non-contact or Field forces

A

These are forces that act over a Distance (action - over - a - distance.)

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7
Q

Contact forces

A

Forces that happen when an object touches another object

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8
Q

Name three examples of non-contact or Field forces

A

1 gravitational force
2 magnetic force
3 electrostatic Force

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9
Q

Name examples of contact forces

A

1 mechanical Force
2 applied force
3 friction Force
4 normal Force
5 tension force or tension
6 resistance
7 elastic forces in Springs

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10
Q

What is gravitational force and what are some examples of objects that attract each other

A

This is when objects attract each other without touching
the sun and the planet

the Earth and the Moon

the Earth and objects on the earth’s surface

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11
Q

What is mass

A

Mass is the amount of matter an object has
Mass is measured in kilograms

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12
Q

What is weight

A

Weight is the force an object exerts on another object

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13
Q

Explain magnetic forces

A

Magnets attract object that consists of iron, nickel or cobalt
if a material contains one of these properties it has magnetic properties

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14
Q

What do atoms consist of

A

Protons which is the positive charge and neutrons which is the Neutral charge both of these are in the nucleus
electrons are the negative charge and they occupy the space around the nucleus

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15
Q

Explain what an electrostatic force is

A

A force that charged object exert

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16
Q

When is an object negatively charged and when is it positively charged

A

An object is positively charged when it gives electrons away
and
it is negatively charged when it accepts electrons

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17
Q

What is needed for electrostatic forces to happen

A

Friction is needed

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18
Q

How do you charge an item

A

You can rub it

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19
Q

How is lightning formed

A

Particles and droplets in clouds rub and bump into each other and become charged
and
go to the bottom of clouds and transfer energy into the Earth

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20
Q

What is lightning

A

A massive spark of electricity

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21
Q

Some safety measures during lightning

A

1 avoid outdoor activities in bad weather
2 Take Shelter inside a building or vehicle
3 avoid trees, carports, convertible cars, motorbikes, Towers, fences, telephone poles and power lines
4 avoid using telephones and other electrical apparatus
5 don’t bath or shower

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22
Q

What are some safety measures if you are outside without shelter nearby

A

1 make your body size the smallest possible by squatting and putting your head between your knees
2 do not lie on the ground as the current can move through the ground and slow through your body
3 avoid trees fences and poles
4 if you are on a dam try to get to dry land as soon as possible and seek shelter

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23
Q

Name some facts about paired forces

A

They are always equal in magnitude

they act in opposite direction

act simultaneously on two different objects

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24
Q

What is the formula for calculating weight

A

Fg= W = mg

Fg = w represents weight in newtons

m represent mass in kgs

G represent gravitational acceleration

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25
What are electrical cells
Cells are a source of electrical energy
26
What is a battery
More than one cell that are connected
27
Series circuit
The positive pole of one cell is connected to the negative pole of the following cell
28
Parallel circuit
This is a circuit which has more than one pathway for current and all the negatives poles are connected to one end and all the positive poles to the other end
29
What does a cell consist of
An electrolyte which contains positive and negative particles called ions and metal rods which serve as poles
30
What is an electrolyte
It is a solution which produces electricity
31
What are conductors
Substances that conduct an electrical current and offer a little resistance against the flow of charge examples are copper,silver and iron.
32
What is a resistor
It is the component in a circuit that can control the energy transfer and the current and convert it into useful forms Resistors are also known as poor conductors
33
What is resistance measured in
It is measured in ohm
34
What is the use of resistors
It takes flow in and collides the charges against the particles of the resistor and part of the electrical energy will be transferred to the particles of the resistor during the collision and the resistor will use this energy and converted it to heat, light or sound energy
35
What are the factors affecting/influencing resistance
The type of conductor Set metals have less or more resistance than others for example Copper golden silver have low resistance whereas tungsten nickel and chrome have high resistance the length of conductor The longer a conductor in the greater the resistance thickness of conductor The thicker a conductor the smaller that resistance temperature the hotter a conductor the greater the resistance
36
What is electrical current
It is charge(electrons) that flow
37
What is conventional current
Directions current is from the positive pole of the battery, through the circuit to the negative Pole
38
What is required for current to flow
A source of energy and a the circuit must be closed
39
What is the symbol for current and what is current measured with and what is the unit of measurement
The symbol for current design current is measured with an ammeter and the unit of measurement is ampere
40
Name two facts about an ammeter
An ammeter is always connected in series and has low resistance
41
What is potential difference and what is it measured in and with
Potential difference is the difference in potential energy over 2 points it is measured with a voltmeter which is connected in parallel over a resistor or a cell/battery unit is volts V
42
What are some effects of resistors
The total current of a sales/battery increases with each resistor being added in parallel
43
What two wires are connected to a household electricity meter
A neutral and a live wire
44
What measures how much energy is used in the household
The electricity meter
45
What does Earthed mean
Means that it is connected to the ground by a metal wire slash pipe
46
A 3 pin-plug has three wires what are the colors of those wire
There's a brown live wire a blue neutral wire a striped yellow and green Earth wire
47
What is a fuse
A fuse is a small piece of metal that melts when there's an overload and interrupts current so it cannot flow anymore
48
What is a circuit breaker
A circuit breaker is a switch(electromagnet) that trips as soon as the current becomes too large and the current is interrupted
49
Name the disadvantage and advantage of a fuse
A disadvantage of fuses that it has to be replaced and an advantage of a it is that it is cheap and easily available
50
Name the disadvantages and advantage of a circuit breaker
The disadvantage of a circuit breaker is that is expensive and the advantage of a circuit breaker is that it can just be switched on again
51
What is a lightning conductor
It is a metal rod with a shop end that is fixed to roofs/high points and another point that is planted into the ground it can also be connected to copper wire that is in the ground
52
What is the function of a lightning conductor
Charge of the lightning is concentrated on the shop point the charge is then conducting into the ground through the lightning conductor and copper wire with a lightning conductor a building or structure is Earthed
53
In what ways does electricity theft take place
Illegal connections Fiddling with electricity meters cable theft
54
Effects of electricity theft
Stability and qualities is influenced can lead to power interruptions Eskom cannot keep up with the increase in demand to provide electricity big financial losses people and animals can be shocked to death or seriously hurt
55
What is eskom responsible for
Generating electricity transmission of electricity over long distance distribution to the consumer
56
Benefits of nuclear power stations
There is little pollution Constantly available Safe if measures are followed Effective electricity supply
57
Disadvantages of nuclear power
Danger of pollution if it is not strictly managed relatively short lifespan of reactors danger of radiation dangers of dumping of Radioactive waste Limited dumping sites for waste
58
What are the units of measurements for energy time and transfer of electrical energy
Energy is Joules (J) Time is seconds (s) Transfer of electrical energy is watt(w)
59
What is measured in kilowatt
The amount of energy transferred
60
What is the formula for calculating the transfer of energy
P=VI P-transfer of energy V-is for potential difference which is a measured in volts I is for current which is measured in
61
What does the formula for calculating the cost of energy
Cost of energy = kW*hours*unit price
62
How many Watts are equal to a kilowattt
1,000 Watts is equals 1 kW
63
How many Joules are equal to a kilojoule
1000 Joules = 1 Kilojouled
64
In what unit is electric energy sold
Kilowatt hour (kWh)

Natural Sciences (2 decks)

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