Forces Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
What is a force?
A
A push or pull on an object caused by it interacting with another object.
2
Q
What happens when an object experiences force?
A
It can accelerate (change speed) or change shape.
3
Q
What are contact forces?
A
Forces that require objects to be touching.
4
Q
What is tension?
A
Force in ropes or strings.
5
Q
What is friction?
A
Force that opposes the motion of objects sliding on a surface.
6
Q
What is upthrust?
A
Upward force on an object in a fluid.
7
Q
What is lift?
A
Force on wings.
8
Q
What are non-contact forces?
A
Forces that do not require objects to be touching.
9
Q
What is magnetic force?
A
Force between magnetic poles.
10
Q
What is weight?
A
Attractive force between masses.
11
Q
What is electrostatic force?
A
Force between charged particles.
12
Q
What is drag?
A
Force that opposes the motion of an object moving in a fluid.
13
Q
What is normal contact force?
A
Push or pull force exerted by a solid surface.
14
Q
What is thrust?
A
Force from an engine.
15
Q
How are forces drawn?
A
Arrows must point outward and start by touching the object.
16
Q
Where does weight act from?
A
From the center of mass.
17
Q
What does the length of arrows represent in force diagrams?
A
Strength and direction of the force.
18
Q
What is a fluid in physics?
A
A liquid or gas.
19
Q
What is the unit of force?
A
The unit of force is the newton (N).
20
Q
What is weight?
A
Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity.
21
Q
What is the formula for weight?
A
W = mxg
Weight = mass x gravitational field strength.
22
Q
Does mass change with location?
A
Mass is a measure of what you are made of and does not change as you change location.
23
Q
What is the formula for extension?
A
Extension = new length - original length
24
Q
What happens to an object that is elastically deformed?
A
It returns to its original shape and length when the force is removed.
25
What are examples of elastically deformed objects?
Examples include hairbands, springs, sponges, and inflated balls.
26
What happens to an object that is inelastically deformed?
It does not return to its original shape and length when the force is removed.
27
What does Hooke's Law state?
The extension of an object that obeys Hooke's Law is directly proportional to the force applied.
28
What does 'directly proportional' mean?
When one variable changes, the other variable changes by the same ratio.
29
How is direct proportionality shown on a graph?
It is shown by a straight line.
30
What is the formula for direct proportionality in the context of force and extension?
F is directionally proportional to e
F = ke
31
What does F represent in the equation F = ke?
F represents the force applied, measured in Newtons (N).
32
What does k represent in the equation F = Re?
k represents the spring constant, measured in Newtons per meter (N/m).
33
What does e represent in the equation F = ke?
e represents the extension, measured in meters (m).
34
What is the spring constant?
The spring constant is a measure of the stiffness of the spring.
35
How is the spring constant measured?
The spring constant is measured in Newtons per meter (N/m).
36
What does the spring constant indicate?
It indicates how many Newtons of force are required to achieve a certain extension.
37
Does every elastic object obey Hooke's Law?
Not every elastic object obeys Hooke's Law.
38
Under what condition is Hooke's Law true?
Hooke's Law is only true up to the limit of proportionality.
39
What happens to the force after the limit of proportionality?
It usually becomes easier to extend the spring.
40
What is the formula for direct proportionality in the context of force and extension?
F x P
## Footnote
F = Re
41
What does F represent in the equation F = Re?
F represents the force applied, measured in Newtons (N).
42
What does R represent in the equation F = Re?
R represents the spring constant, measured in Newtons per meter (N/m).
43
What does e represent in the equation F = Re?
e represents the extension, measured in meters (m).
44
What is the spring constant?
The spring constant is a measure of the stiffness of the spring.
45
How is the spring constant measured?
The spring constant is measured in Newtons per meter (N/m).
46
What does the spring constant indicate?
It indicates how many Newtons of force are required to achieve a certain extension.
47
Does every elastic object obey Hooke's Law?
Not every elastic object obeys Hooke's Law.
48
Under what condition is Hooke's Law true?
Hooke's Law is only true up to the limit of proportionality.
49
What happens to the force after the limit of proportionality?
It usually becomes easier to extend the spring.
50
What is energy?
Energy is the ability of an object to do work.
51
Can energy be created or destroyed?
No, energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can be transferred from one store to another.
52
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy of an object due to its speed.
53
What is magnetic energy?
Magnetic energy relates to the position of magnetic poles.
54
What is thermal energy?
Thermal energy is related to the temperature of the object.
55
What is chemical energy?
Chemical energy is stored in chemicals that can react (e.g., batteries, fuels, food).
56
What is gravitational potential energy?
Gravitational potential energy is based on the height of the object.
57
What is elastic potential energy?
Elastic potential energy is related to how deformed the elastic object is (e.g., spring).
58
What is nuclear energy?
Nuclear energy is related to the structure of the nucleus (e.g., nuclear fuels, sun).
59
What is electrostatic energy?
Electrostatic energy is related to the position of charges.
60
How does a car transfer energy when accelerating?
A car accelerating transfers energy from its fuel store.
61
What are the energy stores in a car?
The energy stores in a car include chemical energy (from fuel) and kinetic energy (of the car).
62
What is thermal energy in relation to a car?
Thermal energy is the energy store of the surroundings.
63
What is work done?
The energy transferred when a force moves an object through a distance.
64
What is the formula for work done?
W = Fs
65
What does W = Fs represent?
Work done = force x distance moved in the plane (joules).
66
What units are used for force in the work done formula?
Newtons (N).
67
What does 'plane' refer to in the context of work done?
A 2D surface.
68
What is work done?
The energy transferred when a force moves an object through a distance.
69
What is the formula for work done?
W = Fs
70
What does W = Fs represent?
Work done = force x distance moved in the plane (joules).
71
What units are used for force in the work done formula?
Newtons (N).
72
What is the formula for gravitational potential energy (EG)?
EG = mgh
## Footnote
Where m = mass, g = gravitational acceleration, h = height.
73
What is the formula for kinetic energy (EK)?
EK = mv²
## Footnote
Where m = mass, v = velocity.
74
What are the methods through which energy can be transferred?
Mechanically, electrically, by heating, or by radiation
## Footnote
These methods describe the different ways energy can move from one system to another.
75
Define mechanical energy transfer.
Acted on by a force, doing work
## Footnote
Mechanical energy transfer involves moving an object through the application of force.
76
What is electrical energy transfer?
Flow of current
## Footnote
Electrical energy transfer occurs when electric charges move through a conductor.
77
Explain heating as a method of energy transfer.
From a hot body to a cold one
## Footnote
Heating involves the transfer of thermal energy between objects at different temperatures.
78
What is radiation in the context of energy transfer?
Light, sound, or something emitting energy
## Footnote
Radiation allows energy to be transferred through space without needing a medium.
79
Fill in the blank: Mechanical energy transfer involves _______.
[acting on an object by a force]
## Footnote
This is a fundamental principle in physics regarding how energy is transferred.
80
How can energy be stored in a gravitational field?
Gravitational potential energy
## Footnote
Objects raised above the ground have energy due to their position in a gravitational field.
81
Describe the role of friction in mechanical energy transfer.
Energy is transferred mechanically by friction
## Footnote
Frictional forces can convert kinetic energy into thermal energy, affecting motion.
82
What type of energy transfer occurs when a toy car moves down a slope?
Mechanical energy transfer
## Footnote
The gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as the car descends.
83
Fill in the blank: Energy can also be transferred by _______ to a cold object.
[heating]
## Footnote
This emphasizes the flow of thermal energy from warm to cooler objects.
