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Physics > Forces > Flashcards

Forces Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Distance

A

How far an object moves

Scalar

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2
Q

Displacement

A

Distance in a direction

Vector

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3
Q

Speed

A

Distance/time

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4
Q

Velocity

A

Displacement/ time

Vector

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5
Q

Scalar

A

Quantity that only has magnitude

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6
Q

Vector

A

Quantity that has magnitude and direction

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7
Q

Acceleration

A

Final velocity-initial velocity/time

-+

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8
Q

Forces

A

Direction of arrows show direction of force
Length proportional to size of force
Arrows touch object

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9
Q

Resultant force

A

Vector sum of all forces acting on object

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10
Q

How to calculate resultant forces

A

Find total of all forces on each side
Take away smaller force from bigger force
If resultant forces=0N
Forces are balanced

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11
Q

Newton’s first law

A

An object will remain at rest or continue to move with a constant velocity unless acted upon with a resultant force

If resultant force=0, forces are balanced

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12
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

A

If the resultant force acting on an object is not zero, all forces are unbalanced
Forces cause masses to accelerate

Speed may change
Direction may change

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13
Q

Newton’s 3rd law

A

Forces exist in pairs

2 objects exert the same force on each other, acting in opposite directions and objects

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14
Q

Friction

A

Occurs between 2 objects because surfaces are rough and contain bumps and hollows
Roughness= force is needed to move 2 objects over each other
Oppose motion

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15
Q

Reducing effects of friction

A

Friction creates heat, wear down surfaces which can damage

Lubricants, bearings, rollers reduce friction and protect surfaces

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16
Q

Types of friction

A

Through air, air resistance

Through liquid, drag

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17
Q

Reducing impacts of air resistance

A

Streamlining, enables air to flow past as easily as possible

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18
Q

Effects of friction

A

Heating

Erosion

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19
Q

Uses of friction

A

Car tyres grip surface

Car rolls because friction force is small, friction is overcome in order to move

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20
Q

Weight

A

A force caused by gravity

Measured in N, not constant, depends on location

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21
Q

Jumping out of a plane

Study These Flashcards
A

Resultant force= vector sum of forces acting on it
RF causes acc
N2L

22
Q

Speeding up

Study These Flashcards
A

RF=W-A=acc

W-A/m=a

23
Q

Terminal velocity

Study These Flashcards
A

RF=W-A=0N

N1L

24
Q

Opening parachute

Study These Flashcards
A

RF/m=-VE/m=-VEm/s

N2L

25
Gliding down
RF=W-A=0N Smaller terminal velocity N1L
26
Landing
RF=-VE | N3L
27
Circular motion
Objects moving around in a circular shape Speed, no change Velocity, constantly changing Resultant force, centripetal force causes acceleration towards center of circle
28
Factors that affect centripetal force
Mass Speed Radius
29
How mass affects centripetal force
Larger mass, larger CF To maintain circular motion, there will be a particular acceleration Higher the mass, larger force needed to maintain acceleration
30
How speed affects centripetal force
Faster the object, larger the CF Object travelling faster covers more distance per second and will change direction by a bigger angle every second Bigger CF needed to maintain bigger acc towards center
31
How does radius affect centripetal force
Smaller radius, larger centripetal force Smaller radius, smaller circumference, smaller distance Complete more of the orbit per second, change direction by a greater angle each second Larger CF needed to get bigger acceleration towards center
32
Space and orbits
Planets orbit sun in elliptical path with sun at focus | Planets are gravitationally attracted to the sun causing this
33
Asteroids
Small belts of rock which orbit sun between Mars and Jupiter
34
Comets
Rock, ice, methane, ammonia a few km in diameter. Orbit sun in eccentric ellipses
35
Universe
Everything in the universe and contains galaxies
36
Galaxies
Contains many stars
37
Artificial satellites
Orbit earth
38
Geostationary satellite
Orbit above equator and take 24hrs to orbit High Used for communications
39
Polar satellite
Orbits longitudinally as Earth spins 6hr orbit Low Weather and crop monitoring
40
Center of mass in regular objects
Along line of symmetry
41
Center of mass for irregular lamina
``` Put in 2 random holes Hang lamina from 1 hole with pin Plumb line on pin Draw line where string has settled Repeat 2,3,4 with other hole Center of mass is where the lines cross ```
42
Pendulum
``` Highest point of swing No KE, highest GPE Lowest point of swing Max KE Min GPE T=1/F ```
43
Stability
An object will become unstable when the line going down from the center of mass passes where the center of mass would meet the ground
44
Factors that center of mass is affected by
Width of base | Height of center of mass
45
Improving stability
Heavy base lowers c of m, harder to knock over | Broader base, harder to knock over
46
Moments
Turning effect of a force No When forces do not line up, rotate Moment=force x distance perpendicular from pivot AM CM, equal, balanced
47
Stretching
``` 2 equally sized forces Act on same object Different forces Forces cancel out Stretch of force is proportional to amount of extension or compression in spring as long as elastic limit has not been exceeded ```
48
Spring constant
How many Newton's are needed to make spring a meter long
49
Elastic
Returns to original shape
50
Plastic
Does not return to original shape
51
Elastic behavior
Extension is proportional to force and material will go back to the original length when we remove the force
52
Plastic behavior
When a force is applied to deform the shape. It stays deformed when the force is removed

Physics (11 decks)

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