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Forces And Energy Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

what is energy

A

energy is the capacity to do work it is required to move objects under a force

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2
Q

what is the si unit of energy

A

the joule J

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3
Q

why do living and non living systems need energy

A

living things need energy to stay alive non living systems need it to function

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4
Q

what is potential energy

A

stored energy due to an objects position or condition

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5
Q

what is chemical potential energy

A

energy stored in fuels like food or petrol released in chemical reactions

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6
Q

what is elastic potential energy

A

energy stored in objects that are stretched or compressed

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7
Q

what is gravitational potential energy

A

energy an object has due to height and mass the higher it is the more gravitational potential energy it has

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8
Q

what is kinetic energy

A

energy of motion depending on mass and speed

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9
Q

which object has more kinetic energy a faster or heavier one

A

both increase kinetic energy a heavier or faster object has more kinetic energy

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10
Q

what is heat energy

A

energy that flows from a region of higher temperature to lower temperature thermal energy

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11
Q

what is light energy

A

energy that enables us to see luminous objects emit light

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12
Q

what is sound energy

A

energy produced by vibrating objects transmitted through materials

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13
Q

what is electrical energy

A

energy transferred by the flow of charged particles can be transmitted over long distances

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14
Q

what is the principle of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed it can only be transferred or converted the total amount stays the same

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15
Q

why doesn’t a rebounding ball reach its original height

A

some energy is lost as heat and sound the ball has less elastic potential energy than its original gravitational potential energy

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16
Q

what are fossil fuels

A

fuels formed from dead plants and animals buried for millions of years non renewable

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17
Q

how is electricity generated in power stations

A

fuel burns to heat water creating steam to turn turbines connected to generators

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18
Q

what is the energy conversion in power stations

A

chemical to thermal to kinetic steam to kinetic turbine to electrical

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19
Q

what is the environmental impact of fossil fuels

A

they release pollutants and greenhouse gases causing global warming and intense natural disasters

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20
Q

what is solar energy

A

electricity generated from sunlight using solar panels

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21
Q

what is the energy conversion in solar energy

A

light to electrical

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22
Q

what is the environmental impact of solar panels

A

toxic waste may be produced during manufacturing and disposal

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23
Q

what is wind energy

A

electricity generated by wind turning turbines

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24
Q

what is the energy conversion in wind energy

A

kinetic wind to kinetic turbine to electrical

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25
what are environmental impacts of wind energy
habitat loss bird deaths land clearing and noise pollution
26
what is hydroelectric energy
electricity generated by moving water turning turbines
27
what is the energy conversion in hydroelectric power
gravitational potential water to kinetic water to kinetic turbine to electrical
28
what are environmental impacts of hydroelectric energy
flooded habitats displaced people and animals reduced fishing access
29
what is geothermal energy
heat from earths core used to produce steam for turbines
30
what is the energy conversion in geothermal power
thermal to kinetic steam to kinetic turbine to electrical
31
what are environmental impacts of geothermal energy
habitat destruction and release of toxic underground substances
32
what are biofuels
fuels made from plant material food waste or animal waste
33
what is the energy conversion in biofuels
chemical to thermal to kinetic
34
what are environmental impacts of biofuels
air pollution threats to food supply deforestation for biomass farming
35
what is nuclear energy
energy from atomic nuclei used to produce electricity
36
what is the energy conversion in nuclear power
nuclear to thermal to kinetic turbine to electrical
37
what are environmental risks of nuclear energy
nuclear waste poses health and safety hazards
38
what is a force
a push or pull that causes changes in shape size speed or direction of an object
39
what is the si unit of force
newton N
40
how can force be measured
with a spring balance
41
what are contact forces
forces that occur between objects in contact
42
what is elastic force
force exerted by stretched or compressed objects to return to original shape
43
what is friction
a contact force that opposes motion between surfaces
44
what are positive effects of friction
helps generate heat allows walking slows vehicles helps grip objects
45
what are negative effects of friction
unwanted heat wear and tear energy loss
46
how can friction be reduced
use smooth surfaces wheels ball bearings lubricants air cushions or streamline shapes
47
what are non contact forces
forces that act without physical contact
48
what is magnetic force
force between magnetic poles or magnetic substances
49
what is weight
gravitational force acting on an object weight equals mass times gravitational field strength
50
what is the gravitational field strength on earth
approximately ten newtons per kilogram
51
how does mass differ from weight
mass is the amount of matter in kilograms constant anywhere weight is a force in newtons varies with gravity
52
how is mass measured
using a beam or electronic balance
53
how is weight measured
using a spring balance
54
what is electrostatic force
attractive or repulsive force between charged particles
55
what can force do to objects
change their speed direction shape or cause turning or pressure
56
what is net force
the single force that replaces all acting forces if balanced net force is zero if unbalanced motion changes
57
what is pressure
pressure equals force divided by area si unit is pascal
58
what is atmospheric pressure
pressure exerted by air helps suction cups stick and allows straws to work
59
how does pressure work in liquids
it increases with depth due to the weight of the liquid deeper objects experience more pressure
60

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