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Forces And Momentum Flashcards

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1
Q

What distinguishes a scalar quantity from a vector quantity

A

Scalar quantities have magnitude only.

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2
Q

What distinguishes a vector quantity from a scalar quantity

A

Vector quantities have magnitude and an associated direction.

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3
Q

On a flow diagram what does the arrow length represent for a vector quantity ?

A

The length of the arrow
represents the magnitude, and the direction of the arrow the direction of the
vector quantity.

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4
Q

What kind of movement if a force

A

A force is a push or pull that acts on an object due to the interaction with
another object.

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5
Q

What’s is contact force ?

A

the objects are physically touching

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6
Q

What is a non-contact force

A

the objects are physically separated

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7
Q

Name examples of contact forces

A

friction, air resistance, tension and normal
contact force

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8
Q

Name examples of non- contact forces

A

gravitational force, electrostatic force and
magnetic force.

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9
Q

What kind of quantity is force

A

Vector

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10
Q

Definition of weight

A

Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity.

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11
Q

Give an example of weight

A

The force of gravity
close to the Earth is due to the gravitational field around the Earth.

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12
Q

What does the weight of an object depend on ?

A

gravitational field strength at the point
where the object is.

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13
Q

What is the formula for weight

A

W = m g

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14
Q

What is the word equation for weight ?

A

weight = mass × gravitational field strength

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15
Q

What are the units for weight

A

W = m g

-weight, W, in newtons, N
-mass, m, in kilograms, kg
-gravitational field strength, g, in newtons per kilogram, N/kg

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16
Q

What is the centre of mass ?

A

The weight of an object that acts at a single point

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17
Q

What is weight scientifically measured with ?

A

Weight is measured using a calibrated spring-balance (a newtonmeter).

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18
Q

What is the resultant force

A

A number of forces acting on an object being replaced by a single force that
has the same effect as all the original forces acting together.

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19
Q

Explain a single force

A

two components acting at right angles to
each other. The two component forces together have the same effect as the
single force.

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20
Q

What is work done?

A

When a force causes an object to move through a distance

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21
Q

What happens when force does work on an object

A

the force causes a
displacement of the object.

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22
Q

Word formula for work done

A

work done = force × distance moved along the line of action of the force

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23
Q

Letter formula for work done ?

A

W = F s

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24
Q

Units for work done ?

A

W = F s

-work done, W, in joules, J
-force, F, in newtons, N
-distance, s, in metres

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25
What does one joule of work done cause with a force of none newton
A displacement of one metre 1joule = 1 Newton metre
26
What would would work done against a frictional force acting on an object cause ?
A rise in temperature of the object
27
What kind of quantity is distance ?
Scalar
28
What is distance ?
How far an object moves
29
True or false does distance involve direction ?
False , distance does not involve direction
30
What kind of quantity is displacement ?
Vector
31
What is displacement ?
includes both the distance an object moves, measured in a straight line from the start point to the finish point and the direction of that straight line
32
What kind of quantity is speed ?
Speed does not involve direction. Speed is a scalar quantity.
33
What is the typical speed value of walking
1.5m/s
34
What is the typical speed value of running
3m/s
35
What is the typical speed value of cycling
6m/s
36
Dependant factors of speed ?
depends on many factors including: age, terrain, fitness and distance travelled.
37
True or false only moving objects that have varying speed
False , transportation systems. It is not only moving objects that have varying speed. The speed of sound and the speed of the wind also vary.
38
Typical value for speed of sound in air ?
330 m/s
39
Word Equation for distance travelled
distance travelled = speed × time
40
Letter equation for distance travelled ?
s = v t
41
Units for distance travelled?
s = v t -distance, s, in metres, m -speed, v, in metres per second, m/s -time, t, in seconds, s
42
What kind of quantity is velocity
Vector
43
What is velocity ?
The velocity of an object is its speed in a given direction.
44
Briefly explain distance-time relationship ?
. If an object is accelerating, its speed at any particular time can be determined by drawing a tangent and measuring the gradient of the distance–time graph at that time.
45
Explain how you calculate speed on a distance time graph
The speed of an object can be calculated from the gradient of its distance– time graph.
46
46
Word equation for acceleration ?
𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛= 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 / 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛
47
Letter formula for acceleration
a = ∆𝑣/ t
48
Units for acceleration
acceleration, a, in metres per second squared, m/s2 change in velocity, Δv, in metres per second, m/s time, t, in seconds, s
49
What is decerlaration ?
An object that slows down
50
How can you calculate the acceleration of an object in a velocity time graph?
Working out the gradient
51
How to calculate the distance travelled by an object on a velocity-time graph ?
area under a velocity–time graph
52
Units for v2 − u2 = 2 a s
final velocity, v, in metres per second, m/s initial velocity, u, in metres per second, m/s acceleration, a, in metres per second squared, m/s2 distance, s, in metres, m
53
53
General value of gravity
9.8 m/s2
54
What happens to an object falling through a fluid
initially accelerates due to the force of gravity. Eventually the resultant force will be zero and the object will move at its terminal velocity.
55
Explain NI
If the resultant force acting on an object is zero and: • the object is stationary, the object remains stationary • the object is moving, the object continues to move at the same speed and in the same direction. So the object continues to move at the same velocity.
56
In what circumstance would velocity change ?
change if a resultant force is acting on the object.
57
Definition of intertia?
The tendency of objects to continue in their state of rest or of uniform motion
58
NII explain
(The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.)
59
Symbol for proportionality
∝
60
Word Equation that relates to NII
resultant force = mass × acceleration
61
Letter equation for resultant force
F = m a
64
Units of resultant force
-force, F, in newtons, N -mass, m, in kilograms, kg -acceleration, a, in metres per second squared, m/s2
65
Explain inertial mass
• Inertial mass is a measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object inertial mass is defined as the ratio of force over acceleration.
66
NIII
Whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite.
67
Word equation for stopping distance
Stopping distance = breaking distance + thinking distance
68
Explain what stopping distance is
The stopping distance of a vehicle is the sum of the distance the vehicle travels during the driver’s reaction time (thinking distance) and the distance it travels under the braking force (braking distance). For a given braking force the greater the speed of the vehicle, the greater the stopping distance.
69
Range for typical reaction time
Typical values range from 0.2 s to 0.9 s.
70
Factors affecting drivers ability to react
affected by tiredness, drugs and alcohol. Distractions may also affect a driver’s ability to react.
71
Factors affecting breaking distance time (Clue: think weather and mechanics )
adverse road and weather ( eg wet or icy ) conditions and poor condition of the vehicle ( eg brake or tyre issues )
72
Explain how a vehicle stops
When a force is applied to the brakes of a vehicle, work done by the friction force between the brakes and the wheel reduces the kinetic energy of the vehicle and the temperature of the brakes increases. The greater the speed of a vehicle the greater the braking force needed to stop the vehicle in a certain distance
73
What could large declarations while driving lead to?
Large decelerations may lead to brakes overheating and/or loss of control.
74
Word equation of momentum
momentum = mass × velocity
75
Letter equation for momentum
p = m v
76
Units for momentum
p = m v -momentum, p, in kilograms metre per second, kg m/s -mass, m, in kilograms, kg -velocity, v, in metres per second, m/s
77
Compete the sentence and figure out what it is the explanation for ? “In a closed system, the total momentum before an event …“
…is equal to the total momentum after the event. This is called the conservation of momentum
78
Two disadvantages of applying a large breaking force
1 car will suddenly stop - causing damage to breaking pads caused by breaks overheating 2 car would loose control endangering people in and around the vehicle
79
If a fisherman exerts a force of 330N on a boat and the sea exerts a resistive force of 250N on the boat. Describe the motion of the boat.
The boat is moving forward
80

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