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Physics > Forces and Motion > Flashcards

Forces and Motion Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What is distance

A

Distance is the length of the path traveled during a journey

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2
Q

What is displacement

A

Displacement is the distance covered in a particular direction

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3
Q

What is the equation for average speed

A

Average speed = distance / time

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4
Q

What is the equation for average velocity

A

Average velocity = displacement / time

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5
Q

What is acceleration

A

Acceleration is the rate of change in velocity

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6
Q

What is the equation for acceleration

A

Acceleration = change in velocity / time taken
= final velocity - initial velocity / t

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7
Q

What is the gradient of a distance-time graph equal to

A

Speed

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8
Q

What does a horizontal line on a distance-time graph tell us

A

The object is stationary

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9
Q

What does a curve on a distance-time graph tell us

A

The object is accelerating

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10
Q

What is the gradient of a velocity-time graph equal to

A

The acceleration

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11
Q

What is the area of a velocity-time graph equal to

A

The distance traveled

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12
Q

What does a horizontal line on a velocity-time graph tell us

A

Constant speed

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13
Q

What does a downward line on a velocity-time graph tell us

A

Constant deceleration

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14
Q

What is the equation to find the displacement of an object moving with a constant acceleration

A

final velocity squared = initial velocity squared + 2 * acceleration * displacement

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15
Q

Is force a vector or a scalar

A

Force is a vector

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16
Q

What are the two types of forces

A

Contact forces and non contact forces

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17
Q

Name the different types of contact forces

A

Normal reaction force
Tension
Friction
Air-resistance
Upthrust
Thrust
Lift

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18
Q

What is the normal reaction force

A

The normal reaction force is the repulsive force that prevents two touching bodies from moving into each other. It acts at 90 degrees to the surface of the bodies

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19
Q

What is tension

A

Tension is the force that an object being stretched experiences. It acts along the direction of stretching

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20
Q

What is friction

A

Friction is the force that opposes motion between surfaces that slide past each other. The kinetic energy of the moving object is converted to heat by the force of friction

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21
Q

What is air resistance

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A

Air resistance is the force that opposes the movement of objects through air. It increases with an increase in speed and surface area

22
Q

What is upthrust

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A

Upthrust is the upward force experienced by an object partially or fully submerged in a fluid. This is because greater pressure acts on its bottom surface than on its top surface which causes an upward resultant force

23
Q

What is thrust

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A

Thrust is the force that drives vehicles forward as a result of the expulsion of fluid in the opposite direction

24
Q

Name the non-contact forces

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A

Gravitational force / Weight
Magnetic force
Electrostatic force

25
What is weight
Weight is the gravitational pull of the Earth on an object towards the center of the Earth
26
What is mass
Mass is the amount of substance of an object
27
What is the equation for weight
Weight = mass * gravitational field strength
28
What is the resultant force
The resultant force is the single force that replaces all forces acting on a body
29
How do we calculate the resulatant force
Add together all the forces acting along the same direction and subtract the forces acting in opposite directions
30
What does Newton's first law of motion state
An object will remain at rest or continue moving at a constant speed as long as the forces acting on it are balanced
31
What is Newton's second law of motion
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the resultant force and inversely proportional to its mass
32
How is the acceleration of a body dependent upon the direction of motion
If the resultant force is in the same direction as the motion, the body will accelerate. If the resultant force is in the opposite direction to the motion, the body will decelerate
33
Write newton's second law mathematically
Resultant force = Mass * acceleration
34
Explain how forces acting on a skydiver change his velocity as he falls from the helicopter to the ground
When the skydiver falls from the helicopter, his velocity is 0 m/s and the only force acting on him is his weight, causing him to accelerate very quickly downwards. However, as he accelerates and his speed increases, so does air resistance which acts in the opposite direction of motion, resulting in his acceleration to decrease. Eventually, the air resistance will balance out the force of the weight, resulting in the resultant force being 0 and consequently, according to Newton's 1st law, the object will keep falling with a constant speed knows as terminal velocity. When the parachute is opened, the air resistance becomes much bigger due to the increase in surface area. Since it is greater than the weight and acting in the opposite direction of motion, the object will start to decelerate. However as its speed is decreasing so will the air resistance acting on the object, resulting in the deceleration becoming smaller and smaller. Eventually it will balance out the weight of the object and the parcel will consequently fall with a lower, constant speed
35
What is Newton's third law
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction
36
What are the 5 conditions needed for two forces to form a newton third pair
Same size Same type Act in the same line of action Act on two different objects Act in the opposite direction
37
What is the thinking distance
The thinking distance is the distance covered during the reaction time of the driver
38
What is the braking distance
The braking distance is the distance covered after the driver has applied the brakes
39
What is the stopping distance
The stopping distance is the sum of the thinking distance and the braking distance
40
List the 5 factors that increase the thinking distance
Poor visibility Driver is tired Driver is distracted Driver is influenced by alcohol Speed (proportional to thinking distance)
41
List the 4 factors that increase the braking distance
Higher speed Worn brakes Mass of car Road conditions
42
What happens to the thinking distance when the speed of the car is doubled
It is doubled
43
What happens to the braking distance when the speed of the car is doubled
It is quadrupled
44
What is elastic deformation
Elastic deformation occurs when a material returns to its original shape after the deforming force is removed
45
What is plastic deformation
Plastic deformation occurs when a material remains deformed after the force is removed
46
What does Hooke's Law state
Hooke's Law states that the extension of a material is directly proportional to the applied force, up to the limit of proportionality
47
What is the formula for Hooke's Law
Force = k (stiffness) * extension
48
What does stiffness depend on
Material the spring is made form Dimensions (length, thickness)
49
What is the limit of proportionality
The point above which the spring stops obey Hooke's law as the force is no longer directly proportional to the extension
50
What is the elastic limit
The point above which the spring stops showing elastic behavior and it changes shape permanently

Physics (7 decks)

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