forces and motion

Question 1

What is a force?

Answer 1

A push or pull that arises from the interaction between objects

Question 2

What is gravitational force?

Answer 2

A force of attraction between all objects with mass

Question 3

How does mass affect gravitational force?

Answer 3

The more massive the object, the greater the gravitational force exerted by it

Question 4

What is a reaction force?

Answer 4

A push force exerted by a surface on an object resting on it, acting perpendicular to the surface

Question 5

What does friction do?

Answer 5

Frictional forces always oppose the motion of an object, causing it to slow down

Question 6

What is drag force?

Answer 6

A type of frictional force that occurs when an object moves through a fluid

Question 7

What is air resistance?

Answer 7

A specific type of drag force that opposes the motion of an object moving through air

Question 8

What is thrust?

Answer 8

A force produced by an engine that speeds up the motion of an object

Question 9

What is upthrust?

Answer 9

An upward-acting push force exerted by a fluid on an object that is submerged in it

Question 10

What is electrostatic force?

Answer 10

A force between charged objects where like charges repel and opposite charges attract

Question 11

What is magnetic force?

Answer 11

A force between objects with magnetic poles where like poles repel and opposite poles attract

Question 12

What is tension?

Answer 12

A force that occurs in an object that is stretched, acting across its length

Question 13

How can forces affect an object?

Answer 13

Forces can change speed, direction, or shape of an object

Question 14

What are scalar quantities?

Answer 14

Quantities that have magnitude but not direction

Question 15

What are vector quantities?

Answer 15

Quantities that have both magnitude and direction

Question 16

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

Answer 16

Distance is a scalar quantity (magnitude only), while displacement is a vector quantity (magnitude and direction)

Question 17

What is speed?

Answer 17

A measure of the distance traveled by an object per unit time, regardless of direction

Question 18

What is velocity?

Answer 18

A measure of the displacement of an object per unit time, including the direction

Question 19

What is the relationship between mass and weight?

Answer 19

Mass is a scalar quantity, while weight is a vector quantity with both magnitude and direction

Question 20

What is resultant force?

Answer 20

A single force that describes all of the forces operating on a body

Question 21

How do you calculate resultant force?

Answer 21

By adding forces in the same direction and subtracting forces in opposite directions

Question 22

What are balanced forces?

Answer 22

Forces that cancel each other out, resulting in no resultant force

Question 23

What are unbalanced forces?

Answer 23

Forces that do not cancel out completely, resulting in a resultant force

Question 24

What does the equation F = m × a represent?

Answer 24

The relationship between resultant force (F), mass (m), and acceleration (a)

Question 25

True or False: Friction always acts in the direction of motion.

Answer 25

False

Question 26

Fill in the blank: Frictional forces always act in the ______ direction to the object's motion.

Answer 26

opposite

Question 27

What happens when two opposing forces push on each end of a spring?

Answer 27

The spring changes shape (it compresses)

Question 28

What is a tug-of-war an example of?

Answer 28

Unbalanced forces

Question 29

What is the resultant force?

Answer 29

The force on an object when forces do not cancel out

Question 30

What does the resultant force cause an object to do?

Answer 30

Accelerate, speed up, slow down, or change direction

Question 31

What is the equation relating resultant force, mass, and acceleration?

Answer 31

F = m × a

Question 32

In the equation F = m × a, what does F represent?

Answer 32

Resultant force, measured in newtons (N)

Question 33

In the equation F = m × a, what does m represent?

Answer 33

Mass, measured in kilograms (kg)

Question 34

In the equation F = m × a, what does a represent?

Answer 34

Acceleration, measured in metres per second squared (m/s²)

Question 35

What is Newton's second law of motion?

Answer 35

F = m × a

Question 36

What is the definition of weight?

Answer 36

The force experienced by an object with mass in a gravitational field

Question 37

How are weight and mass different in physics?

Answer 37

Mass is a scalar quantity; weight is a vector quantity

Question 38

What is the equation relating weight, mass, and gravitational field strength?

Answer 38

W = m × g

Question 39

What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?

Answer 39

10 N/kg

Question 40

What does 'g' represent in the weight equation?

Answer 40

Gravitational field strength, measured in N/kg

Question 41

What is the relationship between mass and weight?

Answer 41

They are directly proportional

Question 42

What is the stopping distance of a car?

Answer 42

Total distance travelled during the time it takes to stop in an emergency

Question 43

What is stopping distance calculated from?

Answer 43

Thinking distance + Braking distance

Question 44

What factors affect thinking distance?

Answer 44

* Speed of the car * Reaction time of the driver

Question 45

What is the average human reaction time?

Answer 45

0.25 seconds

Question 46

What increases reaction time?

Answer 46

* Tiredness * Distractions * Intoxication

Question 47

What is braking distance?

Answer 47

Distance travelled under the braking force

Question 48

How does speed affect stopping distance?

Answer 48

Greater speed results in a larger stopping distance

Question 49

What is terminal velocity?

Answer 49

The fastest speed an object can reach when falling

Question 50

What forces act on falling objects?

Answer 50

* Weight * Air resistance

Question 51

What happens when an object reaches terminal velocity?

Answer 51

Upward and downward forces are balanced, resultant force is zero

Question 52

What is the relationship between air resistance and speed?

Answer 52

Air resistance increases as speed increases

Question 53

What is the force of gravity on an object called?

Answer 53

Weight

Question 54

What is the aim of the experiment investigating force and extension?

Answer 54

To investigate the relationship between force and extension for a spring and a rubber band

Question 55

What is the independent variable in the force and extension experiment?

Answer 55

Force, F

Question 56

What is the dependent variable in the force and extension experiment?

Answer 56

Extension, e

Question 57

What equipment is used to measure extension?

Answer 57

Ruler

Question 58

What is the resolution of the measuring equipment used?

Answer 58

1 mm

Question 59

What is the purpose of a ruler in the experiment?

Answer 59

To measure original length and extension

Question 60

What is the role of the 100 g mass hanger?

Answer 60

To hold additional masses

Question 61

What does the pointer (fiducial marker) help with?

Answer 61

To accurately read the extension from the ruler

Question 62

What is the resolution of the measuring equipment used?

Answer 62

Ruler = 1 mm

Question 63

What is the independent variable in the experiment investigating force and extension for a metal wire?

Answer 63

Force, F

Question 64

What is the dependent variable in the same experiment?

Answer 64

Extension, e

Question 65

What is the formula for weight, W?

Answer 65

W = m × g

Question 66

What does 'g' represent in the equation W = m × g?

Answer 66

Gravitational field strength on Earth in N/kg

Question 67

How is the extension e calculated for a spring/rubber band?

Answer 67

e = average length – original length

Question 68

How is the extension e calculated for a metal wire?

Answer 68

e = new marker reading − reference point reading

Question 69

What does Hooke's Law state?

Answer 69

The extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied, up to the limit of proportionality

Question 70

What happens to the relationship between force and extension beyond the limit of proportionality?

Answer 70

It is no longer directly proportional

Question 71

What is elastic behaviour?

Answer 71

The ability of a material to recover its original shape after the forces causing the deformation are removed

Question 72

Define elastic deformation.

Answer 72

When the object returns to its original shape after the deforming forces are removed

Question 73

Give examples of materials that undergo elastic deformation.

Answer 73

* Rubber bands * Fabrics * Steel springs

Question 74

Define inelastic deformation.

Answer 74

When the object does not return to its original shape after the deforming forces are removed

Question 75

Give examples of materials that undergo inelastic deformation.

Answer 75

* Plastic * Clay * Glass

Question 76

What is the purpose of using a G-clamp in the experiments?

Answer 76

To secure the clamp stand to the bench so that the equipment does not fall over

Question 77

What should be done to avoid parallax error when taking measurements?

Answer 77

Make sure the measurements on the ruler are taken at eye level

Question 78

What safety measure should be taken while conducting the experiment?

Answer 78

Wear goggles during this experiment in case the spring, rubber band, or wire snaps

Question 79

What is a common mistake when measuring extension?

Answer 79

Calculating the increase in length by each time instead of the total extension

Question 80

What is the significance of the limit of proportionality?

Answer 80

It is the point beyond which the relationship between force and extension is no longer directly proportional

Question 81

Fill in the blank: The extension measures how much the object has stretched by and can be found by subtracting the _______.

Answer 81

original length from each of the subsequent lengths

Question 82

terminal velocity

Answer 82

object is accelerating MP2. downward force greater than upward force MP3. gradient / acceleration decreasing MP4. drag increases as speed increases; MP5. resultant force decreases; MP6. idea that downward force= upward force; MP7. idea that acceleration is zero MP8. terminal velocity achieved

Question 83

proof of hookes law

Answer 83

MP1. quotation of Hooke’s Law; i.e. force and extension should be proportional MP2. line is straight MP3. line passes through origin; MP4. no evidence of having passed elastic limit;

Question 84

hookes law practical 5 marks

Answer 84

MP1. measure original length of spring; MP2. measure new length / extension for a range of masses; MP3. extension = new length – original length; MP4. use of ruler; allow tape measure MP5. method of avoiding parallax, e.g. look at eye level or use a pointer; MP6. use of a set square / clamping ruler vertically; MP7. idea of measuring between the same two points (on the spring); MP8. idea of repeating and averaging; allow repeating to identify anomalies MP9. idea of measuring extension with decreasing mass as well;