Forces and Motion

Question 1

Definition of vector quantity

Answer 1

Magnitude and direction

Question 2

Definition of scalar quantity

Answer 2

Only magnitude

Question 3

Definition of speed

Answer 3

Just how fast you are going

Question 4

Definition of velocity

Answer 4

Speed in a given direction

Question 5

Walking speed

Answer 5

5km/h

Question 6

Running

Answer 6

11km/h

Question 7

Cycling

Answer 7

20km/h

Question 8

Cars in a built-up area

Answer 8

47km/h

Question 9

Aeroplanes

Answer 9

900km/h

Question 10

Cars on a motorway

Answer 10

112km/h

Question 11

Trains

Answer 11

200km/h

Question 12

Wind speed

Answer 12

5 - 20 m/s

Question 13

Speed of sound in air

Answer 13

340m/s

Question 14

Ferries

Answer 14

54 km/h

Question 15

Definition of acceleration

Answer 15

How quickly something is changing speed

Question 16

Average acceleration formula

Answer 16

acceleration = change in velocity / time

Question 17

Uniform acceleration definition

Answer 17

Constant acceleration

Question 18

Uniform acceleration formula

Answer 18

final velocity squared - initial velocity squared = 2 x acceleration x distance

Question 19

Gradient in distance-time graph

Answer 19

Speed

Question 20

Curves in distance-time graph

Answer 20

Acceleration

Question 21

Gradient in velocity-time graphs

Answer 21

Acceleration

Question 22

Curves in velocity-time graphs

Answer 22

Changing acceleration

Question 23

Area underneath line in velocity-time graph

Answer 23

Distance travelled

Question 24

Newton’s First Law

Answer 24

A resultant force is needed to change motion of an object

Question 25

5 ways to “accelerate”

Answer 25

``` Stopping Starting Slowing down Speeding up Changing direction ```

Question 26

Newton’s Second Law

Answer 26

The larger the resultant force, the more the object accelerates

Question 27

Formula to remember Newton’s Second Law

Answer 27

Force = mass x acceleration

Question 28

Why are large declarations dangerous?

Answer 28

Large declarations require a large force (f = m x a)

Question 29

How to decrease force in a crash?

Answer 29

Increase time for car to decelerate so less force is required for it to stop

Question 30

Definition of mass

Answer 30

Amount of matter an object has

Question 31

Definition of weight

Answer 31

Force acting on an object due to gravity

Question 32

Weight of formula

Answer 32

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

Question 33

What does gravitational field strength rely on?

Answer 33

Distance from object causing field | Mass of object causing field

Question 34

Centripetal force

Answer 34

Force that keeps something moving in a circle

Question 35

Why is a object travelling in a circle constant accelerating?

Answer 35

It is always changing direction, so it’s velocity is always changing

Question 36

Newton’s Third Law

Answer 36

The forces two objects exert on each other are equal and opposite

Question 37

Inertia definition

Answer 37

Tendency for motion to remain unchanged

Question 38

inertial mass

Answer 38

measures difficulty for an object to change its velocity

Question 39

intertidal mass formula

Answer 39

m = F / a

Question 40

Momentum

Answer 40

Tendency for an object to keep moving in the same direction

Question 41

Momentum formula

Answer 41

momentum = mass x velocity

Question 42

Conservation of momentum

Answer 42

Total momentum before = total momentum after (in a closed system)

Question 43

Stopping distance definition

Answer 43

Distance covered between the driver first spotting a hazard and vehicle coming to a complete stop

Question 44

Stopping distance formula

Answer 44

Stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance

Question 45

Factors affecting thinking distance

Answer 45

- reaction time (tiredness, alcohol, drugs, distractions) | - speed

Question 46

Factors affecting braking distance

Answer 46

- speed - mass of vehicle - conditions of brake - friction between tyres and road

Question 47

Thinking distance as speed increases

Answer 47

Thinking distance increases at the same rate

Question 48

Braking distance as speed increases

Answer 48

Braking distance increases by a square e.g. 2 -> 4, 3 -> 9

Question 49

work down by brakes formula

Answer 49

Work done by brakes = 1/2 x mass x speed of car squared

Question 50

Energy in car’s kinetic energy store formula

Answer 50

1/2 x mass x speed of car squared = braking force x braking distance

Question 51

All energy stores

Answer 51

``` Kinetic Thermal Chemical Gravitational potential Elastic potential Electrostatic Magnetic Nuclear ```

Question 52

Factors affecting kinetic energy store

Answer 52

Speed | Mass

Question 53

Kinetic energy formula

Answer 53

kinetic energy = 0.5 x mass x speed squared

Question 54

Factors affecting gravitational potential energy

Answer 54

Height above the mass causing the gravitational field Mass of the object Gravitational field strength

Question 55

Gravitational potential energy formula

Answer 55

GPE = mass x gravitational field strength x change in vertical height