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Forces New Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

what does a straight diagonal line represent on a distance time graph

A

object is moving at a constant speed

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2
Q

what does a steeper line mean on a distance time graph

A

object is moving at a larger speed

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3
Q

what does increasing slope mean on distance time graphs

A

-increasing speed

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4
Q

what does decreasing slope mean on distance time graphs

A

-decreasing speed

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5
Q

how to calculate the speed from a distance time graph

A

-finding the gradient of the line

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6
Q

equation for average speed

A

total distance moved/total time taken

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7
Q

method to investigate motion of an object

A
  1. Measure out a height of 1.0 m using the tape measure or metre ruler
  2. Drop the object (paper cone or tennis ball) from this height, which is the distance travelled by the object
  3. Use the stop clock to measure how long the object takes to travel this distance
  4. Record the distance travelled and time taken
  5. Repeat steps 2-3 three times, calculating an average time taken for the object to fall a certain distance
  6. Repeat steps 1-4 for heights of 1.2 m, 1.4 m, 1.6 m, and 1.8 m
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8
Q

acceleration

A

the rate of change in velocity

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9
Q

equation for acceleration

A

a(m/s²) = (final velocity - initial velocity)/time

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10
Q

what does a straight horizontal line represent in velocity time graphs

A

-the object is moving with a constant velocity

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11
Q

what does a positive gradient in velocity time graphs mean

A

-object is accelerating at an constant rate

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12
Q

what does an increasing slope mean in velocity time graphs

A

-object is accelerating at an increasing rate

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13
Q

what does an decreasing slope mean in velocity time graphs

A

-object is decelerating at an increasing rate

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14
Q

what is uniform acceleration

A

constant acceleration

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15
Q

how to find the distance moved of a velocity time graph

A

find the area under the line of the graph.

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16
Q

how to find the acceleration of a velocity time graph

A

find the gradient

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17
Q

equation for uniform acceleration

A

final speed² = initial speed² +2 x acceleration x distance moved

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18
Q

what is reaction force

A

when an object rests on a surface, the surface exerts a push force on the object

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19
Q

what is friction

A

is opposes the motion of an object, causing it to slow down

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20
Q

what is drag

A

-frictional force that occurs when an object moves through a fluid

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21
Q

air resistance

A

-type of drag that only is only applied to air

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22
Q

thrust

A

-a force produced by an engine that speeds ip the motion of an object

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23
Q

upthrust

A

-when an object is fully or partially submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts an up-ward acting push force on the object

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24
Q

electrostatic force

A

-the electrostatic force between two objects with charge

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25
magnetic force
-the force between objects with magnetic poles
26
when does tension occur
-occurs in an object that is stretched
27
how can force affect an object
-change speed -change direction -change shape
28
what is a scalar
-quantities that have magnitude but not direction
29
what are vectors
quantities that have both magnitude and direction
30
displacement
measure of how far it is between two points in space, including the direction
31
velocity
measure of the displacement of an object per unit time, including the direction
32
what does a longer arrow mean in free body diagrams
-larger magnitude
33
resultant force
-single force that describes all of the force operating on a body
34
what are balanced forces
-the forces have combined such that they cancel each other out and no resultant force acts on the body
35
unbalanced forces
forces have combined such that they do not cancel out completely and there is a resultant force on the object
36
relationship between resultant force, mass and acceleration
f = m x a
37
weight (vector)
-the force experienced by an object with mass when placed in a gravitational field
38
mass
a measure of how much matter there is in an object
39
how does the gravitational field strength change depending on the characteristics of the planet
greater mass = stronger gravitation field more massive planets(larger) have stronger gravitational field
40
relationship between weight, mass and gravitational field strength
w(N) = m(kg) x g(N/kg)
41
stopping distance
-the total distance travelled during the time it takes to stop in an emergency
42
stopping distance formula
stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance
43
thinking distance
the distance travelled in the time it takes the driver to react to an emergency and prepare to stop
44
factors of thinking distance
speed of car reaction time of driver
45
reaction time
-measure of how much time passes between seeing something and reacting to it
46
reaction time factors
tiredness distractions intoxication(alcohol or drugs)
47
braking distance
the distance travelled under the braking force in metres
48
terminal velocity
the fastest speed an object can reach when falling
49
factors affecting stopping distances
-vehicle speed -vehicle mass -road conditions -driver reaction time
50
what is the resultant force during terminal velocity
zero
51
terminal velocity mark scheme
-there is a resultant force(can be weight when falling) -it accelerates -air resistance and friction increases as speed increases -so acceleration decreases -eventually air resistance + friction = driving force (forces are balanced) -hence resultant force is zero -object travels at a constant speed (terminal velocity)
52
experiment to investigate force and extension
1. Align the marker to a value on the ruler with no mass added, and record this initial length of the spring / rubber band 2. Add the 100 g mass hanger onto the spring / rubber band 3. Record the mass (in kg) and position (in cm) from the ruler now that the spring / rubber band has extended 4. Add another 100 g to the mass hanger 5. Record the new mass and position from the ruler now that the spring / rubber band has extended further 6. Repeat this process until all masses have been added 7. Remove the masses and repeat the entire process again, until it has been carried out a total of three times, and an average length (for each mass attached) is calculated
53
Hooke's law
the extension of an elastic object is directly proportional to the force applied
54
limit of proportionality
the point beyond which the relationship between force and extension is no longer directly proportional
55
elastic behaviour
the ability of material to recover its original shape after the forces causing the deformation have been removed
56
elastic deformation
-when the object returns to its original shape after the deforming forces are removed
57
inelastic deformation
when the object does not return to its original shape after the deforming force are removed
58
equation linking load and extension
F = kx k = spring constant x = extension
59
momentum equation
momentum = mass x velocity p(kg m/s) = m(kg) x v(m/s)
60
conservation of momentum
the total momentum before an interaction is equal to the total momentum after an interaction, if no external forces are acting on the objects
61
how does the total momentum before a collision change after the collision
it does not change
62
equation relating force, change in momentum and time
force = change in momentum/time
63
safety features in vehicles to reduce impact of a force
increasing the contact time over which the collision occurs as force = rate of change in momentum -seatbelts stretch slightly to increase time for passenger's momentum to reach zero
64
moment
-the turning effect of a force about a pivot
65
equation for moment
M = F x d d = perpendicular distance from the pivot
66
what direction should the force be
perpendicular to the distance from the pivot
67
how can you decrease the force required
increasing the distance the force is applied from the pivot
68
principle of moments
if an object is balanced, the total clockwise moment about a pivot equals the total anticlockwise moment about that pivot
69
how does the clockwise and anticlockwise moment differ in a balanced object
clockwise moment = anticlockwise moment
70
how does moving a weight away from the centre of a beam to the right supported by two blocks change the force the left support must exert
it will decrease the force on the left block and increase the force on the right block
71
centre of gravity
the point through which the weight of an object acts
72
how to find the centre of mass on symmetrical objects of uniform density
centre of gravity is located at the point of intersection of lines of symmetry
73
how to find the centre of gravity on a irregular object
1. suspend the irregular shape from a pivot and allow it to settle 2. a plumb line is then held next to the pivot and a pencil is used to draw a vertical line from the pivot 3. repeat this process, suspending the shape from two additional points 4. the centre of mass is located at the point where all three lines cross

Physics (16 decks)

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