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Gross Anatomy > Foreamen of the Skull & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Foreamen of the Skull & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

Which CN innervates the cribriform plate of ethmoid?

A

CN I (olfactory)

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2
Q

Which CN innervates the optic canal?

A

CN II (optic)

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3
Q

Which CN innervates the superior orbital fissue? (runs through the orbit from anterior view)

A

CN III,IV,V1,VI
(Oculomotor
Trochlear
Ophthalmic division
Abducent)

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4
Q

Which CN innervates the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2
(Maxillary division)

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5
Q

With foramen does the middle meningeal artery exit from?

A

Foramen spinosum

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6
Q

Which CN innervates the foramen ovale?

A

CN V3 (Mandibular division)

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7
Q

Which CN innervates the stylomastoid foreman?

A

CN VII (Facial)

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8
Q

Which CN innervates the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN VII & VIII
(Facial & Vestibullochular)

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9
Q

Which CN innervates the jugular foreman?

A

CN IX,X,XII
(Glossopharyngeal)
Vagus
Spinal Accessory)

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10
Q

Which CN innervates the hypoglossal canal?

A

CN XII (Hypoglossal)

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11
Q

What vein exits through the jugular foramen?

A

Internal Jugular Vein

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12
Q

CN I (olfactory) sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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13
Q

CN II (Optic) sensory or motor?

A

Sensory

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14
Q

CN III (Oculomotor) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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15
Q

CN IV (Trochlear) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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16
Q

CN V (Trigeminal) sensory or motor?

A

Both

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17
Q

CN VI (Abducens) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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18
Q

CN VII (Facial) sensory or motor?

A

Mixed

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19
Q

CN VIII (Vestibulocochlear) sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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20
Q

CN IX (glossopharyngeal) sensory or motor?

A

both

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21
Q

CN X (Vagus) sensory or motor?

A

Both

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22
Q

CN XI (Spinal accessary) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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23
Q

CN XII (hypoglossal) sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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24
Q

Ansa Cervicales (C1, C2, C3) is sensory or motor?

A

Motor

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25
What 3 muscles elevates the jaw?
Temporaries Massater Medial pterygoid
26
What muscles depresses the jaws?
Later pterygoid muscle
27
Frontal notch and supraorbital notch transmits branches of which nerve?
Frontal nerve
28
Infraorbital foramen transmits what nerve?
Infraorbital nerve
29
Cricoid cartilage lies beneath what?
Thyroid cartilage
30
The skull sits on top of what?
Atlas (C1)
31
What part of the occipital bone articulates with atlas?
Occipital condyle
32
All sinuses communicate with what passages?
Nasal passages
33
What’s the clinical importance of the pterion?
All sutural lines meet here, where depressed fractures can happen Deep to this area = middle meningeal artery Depressed fractures can dissect the middle meningeal artery
34
Styloid process and mastoid process are both part of what bone?
Temporal bone
35
What part of the temporal bone does the external acoustic meatus open?
Petrous part
36
How to fix a dislocated temporomandibular joint?
Depress the mandible (one thumb on each side of the molars); depress to relocate
37
What goes through the transverse foramen?
Vertebral artery
38
Articular facets - articulate with occipital condyle and allows for what movement?
Elevation and depression of head “nodding”
39
What are the two blood supplies to the brain?
Vertebral artery and internal carotid artery
40
Vertebral artery, with the spinal cord enters which foramen?
Foramen magnum
41
Hyaline cartilage is on all _____ articular surfaces
Synovial
42
What is the atlantoaxial joint important for?
Rotation of the head
43
What is the BIFID spinous process, and what does it do?
Bifurcated spinous process Accommodates muscles in the cervical spine
44
Bone absorbs more energy than air and ____ X-rays from exposing the film
Reduces
45
In an X-ray, the film, or detector is “_____”
the area being exposed to X rays
46
Bone is more ___ than soft tissue. Soft tissue is more ___than air
Dense, dense
47
Muscles and fat are medium density, so depending on their thickness, what color would they appear as?
Shades of gray
48
What does the mylohyoid form?
The floor of the mouth
49
What are the suprahyoid muscles?
Stylohyoid Digastric bellies Mylohyoid
50
What are the infrahyoid muscles? Omohyoid
From outside —> in Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid
51
_____ keep the diaphragm alive; form phrenic nerve that innervates the diaphragm
C3, C4, C5
52
Infrahyoid muscles are innervated by branches of what?
Ansa cervicalis
53
Carotid sheath contains what three things?
Internal carotid artery internal jugular vein vagus nerve
54
How do the sympathetics get into the cranium?
Sympathetic trunk (plexus around internal carotid)
55
Parasympathetics travel on which cranial nerves?
3, 7, 9, 10
56
Phrenic nerve runs alongside which muscle?
Anterior scalene muscle
57
What happens if a surgeon operating in the cervical region nicks the phrenic nerve?
Flaccid diaphragm, but just on one side, so pt has trouble breathing
58
What is the brachial plexus?
Bunch of nerves from C5-C7 - that control the arms
59
Recurrent laryngeal branches off of what nerve?
Vagus nerve
60
What muscle lies right beneath the skin and is superficial to the sternocleidomastoid?
Platysma
61
CN XI accessory nerve innervates what two muscles?
Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid
62
Venous drainage of the cranium is predominantly through what?
Internal jugular vein
63
What vein drains the face?
Facial vein
64
What does the external carotid artery do?
Supplies everything external to the skull
65
What other arteries supply blood to the extracranial structures?
Superior thyroid artery, lingual artery, facial artery
66
What are the 2 big sphincters in the face
Orbicularis oculi (around eye) Orbicularis oris (around mouth)
67
All muscles of facial expression are innervated by what nerve?
Facial nerve, CN 7
68
What are the main smiling muscles?
Zygomaticus major, levator anguli oris, orbicularis oculi
69
Where does the zygomaticus minor originate?
Zygomatic bone
70
Which muscle lies above the infraorbital foramen?
Levator labii superioris
71
What is the frowning muscle?
Depressor anguli oris
72
What muscle helps to open the mouth?
Depressor labii inferioris
73
Parotid plexus cuts through the center of what gland?
Parotid gland
74
What innervates the parotid gland?
CN 9 - glossopharyngeal
75
What division of the trigeminal nerve supplies motor innervation the the muscles of mastication?
CN V3
76
Where does the facial nerve exit?
Stylomastoid foramen
77
V1 - ophthalmic division - just sensory. What does it innervate?
Surface, orbits/upper half of orbit
78
V2 - maxillary division - sensory or motor?
just sensory. Somatic sensation to the surface and also nasal passages
79
V3 - mandibular division - sensory or motor or both?
BOTH Involved in muscles of mastication Innervates mandible and all the deep structures, including somatic sensory to the tongue
80
What are the muscles of mastication?
Temporalis Masseter (superficial and deep) Lateral and medial pterygoids
81
What muscle lowers the jaw?
Lateral pterygoid
82
What’s a ganglion?
A group of cell bodies on the peripheral nervous system

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