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Anatomy Unit 5 > Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Forearm and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

carpi

A

wrist

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2
Q

pollicis

A

thumb

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3
Q

digitorum

A

digits 2-5

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4
Q

indicis

A

digit 2

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5
Q

digiti minimi

A

digit 5

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6
Q

extrinsic hand muscle have muscle bellies located where?

A

in the forearm

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7
Q

extrinsic muscle provide what to movements?

A

strength

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8
Q

intrinsic hand muscles have muscle bellies located where?

A

in the hand

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9
Q

intrinsic muscle provide what to movements?

A

precision

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10
Q

the median nerve innervates which muscles of layer one of the flexor forearm? what are their actions?

A 
pronator teres (pronates)
flexor carpi radialis (abducts wrist) radial deviation 
palmaris longus (flexes)
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11
Q

the ulnar nerve innervates what muscle of layer one? what movement does it perform?

A

flexor carpi ulnaris? flexion and adducts the wrist

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12
Q

how many muscles are in layer 2 of the flexor forearm? what are its actions? what digits are covered? what nerve innervates it?

A
  1. flexor digitorum superficialis

flex the elbow, wrist, cmc, mcp, pip joints

median nerve

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13
Q

what muscles make up layer 3 of the flexor forearm?

A

flexor pollicis longus

flexor digitorum profundus

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14
Q

what innervates the flexor pollicis longus?

A

median nerve

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15
Q

what innervates flexor digitorum profundus?

A

digits 2&3 median nerve

digits 4&5 ulnar nerve

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16
Q

what muscle is in layer 4 of the flexor forearm? where does pronation occur? what nerve innervates it?

A

pronator quadratus
pronation occurs at radioulnar joints

innervated by median nerve

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17
Q

what forms the roof of the carpal tunnel

A

flexor retinaculum

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18
Q

what structures travel through the carpal tunnel?

A 
flexor digitorum tendons (8)
(flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus)
flexor pollicis longus (1)
median nerve (1)
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19
Q

inflammation of synovial sheath cause median nerve entrapment- this is called?

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

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20
Q

what are the three muscle compartments of the extensor forearm? what nerve are they innervated by? the tendons traveling into the hand are held against bone by what?

A

lateral, medial , deep

all innervated by radial nerve

tendons traveling into hand are held against bone by extensor retinaculum

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21
Q

what are the three muscles in the lateral group of the extensor forearm? what movements do they do?

A

brachioradialis (supination and pronation)

extensor carpi radialis longus (abduct wrist)

extensor carpi radialis brevis (abduct wrist)

*all flex the elbow
extensor carpi muscles cross and extend wrist

22
Q

why do the lateral muscles of the extensor forearm flex the the elbow instead of extend?

A

they cross anterior to the transverse axis of the elbow

23
Q

brachioradialis muscle is the handshake muscle, why?

A

it supinates and pronates

pronates a supinated forearm, supinates a pronated forearm

24
Q

what are the medial muscles of the extensor forearm? what is their action? what happens when tendons reach the hand?

A

extensor carpi ulnaris- extends the elbow and the wrist (aDducts wrist)

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

*tendons from extensor hoods/ expansions

25
Q

can the extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi fully extend pip and dip joints?

A

No

-they need help from the intrinsic hand muscles

26
Q

what are the deep muscles of the extensor forearm?

A 
supinator
extensor indicis 
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
27
Q

what movement do the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus?

A

extensor pollicis longus travels posterior to the transverse axis so it extends the wrist

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis cross the wrist anterior to the transverse axis so they flex the wrist

*abduct the wrist

28
Q

what makes up the anatomical snuffbox?

A

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus

29
Q

what artery travels through the snuffbox?

A

radial artery

30
Q

the dorsal hand has no? what does it have instead?

A

intrinsic muscles in the dorsum of the hand

extensor retinaculum, tendons, hood

31
Q

what crosses CMC and MCP joints of digit 1 and is innervated by the median nerve?

A

Thenar eminence

32
Q

what muscles are in the thenar eminence?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis

33
Q

what crosses the CMC and MCP joints of digit 5 and is innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

Hypothenar eminence

34
Q

what muscles are in the Hypothenar eminence?

A

abductor digiti minimi
flexor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi

35
Q

what is a muscle that is not a part of the Thenar eminence but it also moves the thumb? what is it innervated by?

A

Adductor pollicis brevis

the ulnar nerve

36
Q

what do lumbricals originate from? what are they innervated by?

A

originate from tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

lumbricals 1&2- median nerve

lumbricals 3&4- ulnar nerve

37
Q

what are the deepest muscles in the palmar hand?

A

Dorsal and palmar interossei

38
Q

the dorsal and palmar interossei cross what joints? what is the midline? What nerve innervates it?

A

Cross MCP joints
digit 3 is midline
and innervated by ulnar nerve

39
Q

Dorsal interossei perform what action

A

abduct

40
Q

the palmar interossei

A

adduct

41
Q

lumbricals and interossei have commonalities what are they?

A

both lumbricals and interossei insert on extensor hood

cross anterior to MCP joints, flex MCP joints

pulls tense extensor hood.

42
Q

the only way to fully extend PIP and DIPs is

A

the lumbricals and interossei muscle tense extensor hood. Since the extensor hood is posterior to PIP and DIP joints, they extend pip and dip joints

43
Q

the ulnar nerve travels through which canal?

A

Guyon’s canal

44
Q

damage to the ulnar nerve can result in?

A

sensory loss to digits 4&5

“claw hand”

45
Q

Damage to the ulnar nerve can cause claw hand. How?

A

loss of all interossei and two lumbricals.

digits 4&5- hyperextended MCP, flexed PIP and DIP

46
Q

what branches off of the ulnar artery?

A

common interosseous artery

47
Q

which artery is more superficial? Radial or ulnar?

A

radial

48
Q

in the hand the ulnar becomes? what branches from it

A

the superficial palmar arch

common digital artery which birfucates into the proper digital arteries `

49
Q

the radial artery wraps around the thumb and travels through the snuffbox? what artery does it become?

A

deep palmar arch

50
Q

true or false: there is an anastomoses between arches and arteries in the hand?

A

true

51
Q

damage to the hypothenar can cause? What helps prevent full occlusion?

A

hypothenar hammer injury- (damaged and occluded ulnar artery)
the radial artery and anastomosis prevent full occlusion.

52
Q

When abducting the arm fully through 180°, how much of the elevation is due to movement of the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint, and how much is due to rotation of the scapula?

A

Abduction of the arm is actually a fairly complex process. During the first 30° of abduction, only the glenohumeral joint is in motion, caused first by the supraspinatus primarily (0°-15°) and then by the deltoid. From about 30° to 120°, both the glenohumeral joint and the scapula are moving such that for every 3° of abduction, 2° are contributed by glenohumeral movement and 1° by scapular rotation. From 120° to 180°, abduction results exclusively from rotation of the scapula (the greater tubercle of the humerus bumps against the acromion at about 120°).

Anatomy Unit 5 (4 decks)

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