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Anatomy > Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Forearm and Hand Flashcards

(109 cards)

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1
Q

Why does a “funny bone” happen?

A

B/c the ulnar nerve passes posterior to the medial epidcondyle of the humerus

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2
Q

What are the muscles of most superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Pronator teres
Flexor capri radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

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3
Q

What is the origin of the most superficial layer of the anterior forearm?

A

Epicondyle of humerus

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4
Q

What is the insertion and action of pronator teres?

A

I: radius
A: Pronation of the forearm

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5
Q

What is the insertion and action of flexor carpi radialis?

A

I: anterior side of Base of 2nd metacarpal bone
A: wrist flexion and abduction

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6
Q

What is the insertion and action of palmaris longus?

A

I: palmar aponeurosis
A: wrist flexion

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7
Q

What is the action and insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

I: pisiform, hook of hamate, anterior side of base 5th metacarpal bone
A: wrist flexion and adduction

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8
Q

What is innervated by the median nerve? (anterior forearm first layer)

A

Pronator teres
Flexor capri radialis
Palmaris longus

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9
Q

What is innervated by the ulnar nerve? (Anterior forearm first layer)

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubical fossa?

A

1.Brachioradialis
2. Pronator Teres
3. Line between the epicondyle of the humerus

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11
Q

What is the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve from?

A

The medial cord

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12
Q

What is the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve from?

A

Continuation of musculocutaneous nerve

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13
Q

What comprises the second layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

flexor digitorum superficilais

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14
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

O: common flexor tendon
I: middle phalanges of digits 2-5
A: flexes digits 2-5 at proximal interphalangeal joints

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median nerve

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16
Q

What comprises the third layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A
  1. Flexor pollicis longus
  2. Flexor digitorum profundus
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17
Q

What is the insertion and action of flexor pollicis longus?

A

O: Distal phalanx of digit 1
A: Flexes pollen at interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal

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18
Q

What is the nerve supply of flexor pollicis longus muscle?

A

Anterior interossesous nerve

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19
Q

What is the the insertion and action of flexor digitorum profundus? (Radial half)

A

I: Distal phalanges of digits 2 and 3
A: flexes digits 2-3 at distal interphalangeal joints

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20
Q

What is the nerve supply of the flexor digitorum profundus? (Radial half)

A

Anterior interossesous nerve

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21
Q

What is the insertion and action of the flexor digitorum profundus? (Ulnar half)

A

I: Distal phalanges of digits 4 and 5
A: flexes digits 4-5 at distal interphalangeal joints

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22
Q

What is the nerve supply of the flexor digitorum profundus? (Digits 4 and 5)

A

Ulnar nerve

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23
Q

What comprises the fourth layer of the anterior forearm compartment?

A

Pronator quadratus

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24
Q

What is the origin, insertion, and action of the pronator quadratus?

A

O: Ulna
I: Radius
A: Pronation of forearm

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25
What is the nerve supply of the pronator quadratus?
Anterior interossesous nerve
26
What is the hypothenar eminence?
Produced by intrinsic muscles of the little finger
27
What is the thenar eminence?
Produced by intrinsic muscles of the thumb
28
What is palmar fibromatosis? (Dupuytren contracture)
Thickening and shortening of longitudinal bands of the palmar aponeurosis *Persistant contraction of the digits
29
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the Brachioradialis?
O: humerus I: proximal to styloid process of the radius A: flexes forearm
30
what is the nerve supply of the Brachioradialis muscles?
Radial nerve
31
What comprises layer 1 of the posterior forearm compartment?
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris
32
What is the origin of layer 1 of the posterior forearm compartment?
O: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus
33
Which muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve?
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Carpi Radialis brevis Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digiti Minimi
34
What muscle is innervated by the radial nerve?
Extensor carpi radialis longus
35
What muscles are responsible for wrist extension (layer 1)?
Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis
36
What muscles are responsible for extension of digits 2-5?
Extensor digitorum (2-5) Extensor digiti minimi (5)
37
What is the insertion of the extensor digitorum / digit minimi
I: extensor expansions of digits 2-5 (EDM) I: extensor expansions of digit 5 (EDMM)
38
How does a mallet finger happen?
Avulsion of extensor tendon from distal phalanx
39
What comprises layer 2 of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Supinator muscle Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis
40
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the supinator muscle?
O: lateral epicondyle I: radius A: supination of the forearm
41
What is the nerve supply of the supinator?
Deep branch of the radial nerve
42
What is the origin of layer 2 except the supinator muscle?
O: Posterior forearm
43
What is the insertion of the extensor pollicis longus?
Posterior side of Distal phalanx of digit 1
44
What is the insertion of the abductor pollicis longus?
Lateral aspect of base of the 1st metacarpal
45
What is the insertion of the extensor indicis?
Extensor expansion of digit 2
46
What is the insertion of the extensor pollicis brevis?
Posterior side of proximal phalanx of digit 1
47
When does the deep branch of the radial nerve change its name?
After passing the supinator muscle *Changes to posterior interossesous nerve
48
What does the posterior interossesous nerve innervate?
Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indicis Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis
49
Where is the anatomical snuff box?
Between extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus tendons
50
What is found in the snuff box?
The radial artery
51
What is De Quervain Tensosynovitis?
Repetitive use injury resulting in inflammation of Abductor Pollicis Longus Tendon and Extensor Pollicis Brevis tendon
52
What is the origin and insertion of the lumbrical muscles?
O: Flexor digitorum profundus tendons I: Extensor Expansions
53
What is the nerve supply of Lumbricals (1 & 2)
Median nerve
54
What is the nerve supply of lumbricals (3 & 4)
Deep branch of ulnar nerve
55
What is the nerve supply of the radial half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?
Anterior interossesous nerve
56
What is the nerve supply of the ulnar half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle?
Ulnar nerve
57
What are the actions of the lumbrical muscles?
1. Flex digits 2-5 at metacarpophalangeal joints 2. Extend digits 2-5 at the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
58
What muscles abducts digits 2 and 4?
Dorsal interosseous muscle
59
What muscles adducts digits 2,4,5?
Palmar interosseous muscle
60
What is the nerve supply of the palmar and dorsal interosseous muscle?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
61
What are the thenar compartment muscles?
Abductor pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis
62
What is the origin of the thenar compartments muscles?
Tuberclesof the scaphoid and trapeizum bones
63
What is the insertion of the abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis muscles?
I: Lateral side of proximal phalanx of the thumb
64
What is the insertion of the opponens pollicis muscle?
I: Lateral side of 1st metacarpal
65
Wha is the actions of the muscles of the thenar compartment?
Abductor pollicis brevis: Thumb abduction Flexor pollicis brevis: Thumb flexion Opponens pollicis: Medial rotation of 1st metacarpal
66
What is the nerve supply of the thenar compartment?
Recurrent branch of the median nerve
67
where is the recurrent branch of the median nerve located?
Directly deep to the thenar skin *A laceration will result in weakness or paralysis
68
What is the origin, insertion, and action of the adductor pollicis muscle?
O: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate bone I: medial side of proximal phalanx of thumb A: thumb adduction
69
What is the nerve supply of the adductor pollicis?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
70
What are the muscles of the Hypothenar compartment?
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi
71
What is the nerve supply of the hypothenar compartment?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve
72
What is the insertion of the hypothenar muscles
Medial side of proximal phalanx of digit 5
73
What is the origin of the abductor digiti minimi muscle?
Pisiform bone
74
What is the origin of the flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle?
Hook of hamate bone
75
What is the origin of the opponens digiti minimi muscle?
Hook of hamate bone
76
What creates the superficial palmar arch?
Ulnar artery and radial artery
77
What digits are supplied by the C8 dermatome?
4 and 5
78
What digits are supplied by the C7 dermatome?
2 and 3
79
What digits are supplied by the C6 dermatome
1
80
What causes Distal median neuropathies?
Suicide attempts Carpal tunnel syndrome Laceration of thenar eminence
81
What nerve is spared during carpal tunnel syndrome?
palmar branch of the median nerve
82
What nerve is affected during carpal tunnel syndrome?
Digital nerves *Medial side of digit 1 Digits 2 and 3 Lateral side of digit 4
83
What dermatomes are affected during carpal tunnel syndrome?
C6 and C7
84
What can ulnar canal syndrome present with?
The “claw” *on attempted extension, there is weakness of the lumbrical muscles *MCP hyper extension *PIP and DIP hyperflexion
85
What is a positive Froment sign?
Patient will use their flexor pollicis longus and brevis muscles while pulling (thumb is flexed)
86
What does long-term ulnar nerve present with?
Wasting of the first dorsal interossesous and adductor pollicis muscles
87
How does cubital tunnel syndrome happen?
Compression of the ulnar nerve as it passes within a tunnel formed by the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow and the flexor carpi ulnaris muscles
88
How does cubital tunnel syndrome present?
Paralysis of 1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 2. Ulnar half of Flexor Digitorum Profundus muscle *Weakness of flexion of digits 4 and 5 *radial deviation
89
Where do proximal median nerve injuries happen?
Injury to the median nerve as it passes deep to the pronator teres and flexor digitorum superficialis muscles
90
How does proximal median nerve injury present?
Paralysis of 1. Flexor carpi radialis muscle 2. Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle (2-3) 3. Radial half of flexor digitorum profundus muscles (2-3)
91
With a proximal median nerve injury how will the patients hand present when trying to make a fist?
Hand of benediction *Flexion deficit in digits 2 and 3
92
Does ulnar or radial deviation happen from proximal median nerve injury?
Ulnar **due to reduced opposition to flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
93
How does a radial nerve lesion present?
Wrist-drop sign *Weakness of forearm flexion
94
What is damaged during Erb’s palsy? (high brachial plexopathy)
Injury to C5 and C6 roots of the brachial plexus *affects proximal muscles
95
How does a high brachial plexopathy happen?
Excessive angulation between the shoulder and neck *Lesion to the superior trunk
96
What is affected during a high brachial plexopathy?
1. Arm flexors 2. Initiation of Arm abduction 3. Lateral rotators
97
What is spared during a high brachial plexopathy?
1. Arm extensors 2. Arm adductors 3. Medial rotators
98
What is the presentation of high brachial plexopathy?
Waiter’s tip deformity *Arm is extended, adducted, and medially rotated
99
What is damaged during low brachial plexopathy? (Klumpke’s palsy)
Injury to C8 and T1 roots of the brachial plexus *Affects distal muscles
100
How does a low brachial plexopathy occur?
Excessive angulation between the upper limb and trunk *Lesion to the inferior trunk
101
What is the presentation of a low brachial plexopathy?
Clawing of digits 2-5
102
What is a Colles Fracture
Distal radius fracture -from falling on a outstretched hand
103
What vein is common used for vein puncture?
Median cubital vein
104
Where can the brachial artery pulse be palpated?
Medial to the biceps brachii tendon
105
What does the superficial branch of the radial nerve supply?
Dorsum of the hand
106
What does the deep branch of the radial nerve supply?
Motor to muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm
107
What are the outcropping muscles?
Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis
108
What hooks around listers tubercle?
Extensor pollicis longus
109
What does and doesn’t pass deep to the out cropping muscles?
Out cropping muscles: Abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis Does: Extensor carpi radialis longus/brevis Doesnt: Brachioradialis tendon

Anatomy (19 decks)

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