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Anatomy II > Forearm and Hand > Flashcards

Forearm and Hand Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What are the functions of the hand

A
  1. Grasp
  2. Sensation for touch
  3. Communicagtion during expression
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2
Q

The ______ side of the palm: Skin tighter because of fat pads underneath the skin and the thicker dermis; Many sweat glands, but no hair or sebaceous glands
The ______ side of the hand:
Loose skin; Also has hair

A

Volar (palmar) surface; dorsal of hand

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3
Q

Lateral volar aspect of palm; 3 muscles involved in movement of thumb

A

Thenar eminence

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4
Q

Medial volar aspect of palm; 3 muscles involved in movement of little finger

A

Hypothenar eminence

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5
Q

What bones doe the radius and ulna always articulate with?

A

Scaphoid and lunate

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6
Q

What are the are the components of the radiocarpal joint?

A 
- Radius and articular disc
Carpal bones:
- Scaphoid
- Lunate
- Triquetrum during hand adduction
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7
Q

What carpal bones of the radiocarpal joint are not included in the synovial capsule?

A
  1. Triquetrum

2. Pisiform

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8
Q

What type of joint is the radiocarpal joint? What are the actions?

A

Condyloid type synovial (biaxial); Flexion/extension, Abduction/adduction, Circumduction

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9
Q

What are in the superficial layer of the hand, lateral to medial?

A
  1. Flexor carpi radialis
  2. Palmaris longus
  3. Flexor digitorum superficialis
  4. Flexor carpi ulnaris
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10
Q

What are in the deep layer of the hand, proximal to distal?

A
  1. Flexor digitorum profundus

2. Flexor pollicis longus

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11
Q

Joint between the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones; Part of wrist flexion/extension occurs at this joint; Can evaluate by stabilizing radiocarpal or intercarpal joint and looking at movement

A

Inter carpal joint

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12
Q

What type of joint is the intercarpal joint?

A

Arthrodial (gliding/planar) joints

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13
Q

What type of joint is the carpal-metacarpal joint of the thumb?

A

Saddle-type synovial join

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14
Q

What are the carpal-meta carpal joints for fingers 2-5?

A

Planar type synovial joint

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15
Q

What joint type are the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A

Condyloid synovial joint

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16
Q

What joint type are the interphalangeal joints?

A

Hinge-type synovial joints

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17
Q

In the carpal arch, the lateral pillar of the arch is made of? the medial pillar is made of?

A
  1. Ridge of the trapezium
  2. Scaphoid;
  3. Hook of the hamate
  4. Pisiform
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18
Q

Holds the carpal arch in place (keeps it from flattening); attachment sites are lateral pillar and medial pillar; concave anteriorly

A

Flexor retinaculum

AKA transverse carpal ligament

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19
Q

What is superficial to the flexor retinaculum?

A
  1. Palmaris longus muscle
  2. Ulnar nerve and blood vessels
  3. Branch of median nerve that supplies the skin of the proximal palm
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20
Q

What goes through the flexor retinaculum?

A
  1. Flexor carpi radialis – through the flexor retinaculum to 2nd and 3rd metacarpal bones
  2. Flexor carpi ulnaris – merges into the flexor retinaculum to attach to pisiform, hamate and 5th metacarpal
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21
Q

What is deep to the flexor retinaculum?

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A
  1. Tendons of FDP - dee
  2. Tendons of FDS
  3. Tendon of FPL
  4. Median nerve
22
Q

What tendons are around the extensor expansion?

23
Q

What tendons make up the extensor expansion or attach to it?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Lumbrical tendons
  2. Interossei tendons
  3. Extensor digitorum tendons
24
Q

What are the functions of the extensor expansion?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Permits MCP extension with IP extension
  2. Permits MCP extension with IP joints in flexion
  3. Permits MCP flexion with the joints in extension
  4. Full extension of the fingers requires the intrinsic muscles of the hand to perform IP extension
  5. Full flexion of the fingers in their complete range requires the intrinsic musculature working through the extensor expansion to produce MCP flexion
25
What is the anterior border of the snuff box? Posterior border?
Anterior border: 1. Tendon of the abductor pollicis longus 2. Tendon of the extensor pollicis brevis Posterior border: 1. Tendon of the extensor pollicis longus
26
What is contained in the snuff box?
1. Scaphoid bone 2. Trapezium bone 3. Radial artery
27
What branch of the brachial plexus does the radial nerve come off of? In the arm, the radial n. is in the _____ compartment and travels _____. At the elbow, it moves into the ____ compartment, travels between the brachial and brachioradialis, then divides into _____ and ____ branches
posterior; distolateral; anterior; superficial; deep
28
The deep radial nerves supplies muscles and joints. It pierces the ____ muscle and enters the _____ compartment
Supinator; posterior
29
What is the terminal branch of the deep radial nerve?
posterior interosseous nerve
30
The superficial radial nerve is purely _____. It travels with; the ______.
Cutaneous; radial artery
31
Which part of brachial plexus? In arm, it supplies no muscles. In the elbow, it branches to _____ and crosses in the ____ plane. Passes between the two heads of the pronator teres muscle.
Medial and lateral cord; elbow joint capsule; anteromedian
32
What is tendons run through the groove on the lateral surface of the styloid process of the radius?
1. Abductor pollicis longus | 2. Extensor pollicis brevis
33
What type of joint is the humero-ulnar joint?
Hinge synovial joint
34
Where does the humero-ulnar joint articulated (specifically)?
Between the trochlea of the humerus and the semilunar (trochlear notch) of the ulna
35
What type of joint is the humero-radial joint?
Gliding (arthrodial, planar) synovial joint
36
What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
Pivot-type synovial joint
37
What are the articulations of the proximal radio-ulnar joint
- Circumference of the head of the radius | - radial notch on the lateral surface of the ulna
38
Strong band between proximal ulna and radius; Attaches to anterior and posterior margins of radial notch on ulna; Completely encircles head of the radius
Annular lig | - distal fibers are shorter to help hold the head of the radius and prevent inferior displacement
39
Band of tissue from base of coronoid process on the ulna to the radial tuberosity
Oblique cord
40
What type of joint is the middle radio-ulnar joint?
Syndesmosis type joint | - made of interosseous membrane and oblique cord
41
What type of joint is the distal radio-ulnar joint? what are its articulations?
Pivot type synovial | - head of ulna and the ulnar notch on the radius
42
What causes the volar skin to crease?
Creases where skin is very adherent to deeper structures
43
Fibers circle the MCP joint anchoring the extensor expansion to the palmar ligament or plate
The hood of the dorsal digital expansion AKA extensor expansion
44
Where does the central band of the extensor expansion inset to? the lateral bands?
- base of the middle phalanx | - travel on both sides of the PIP joint, rejoin over the middle phalanx, and insert on the base of the distal phalanx
45
What tendons help form the lateral bands of the extensor expansion?
Lumbricals and interossei muscles
46
What are the muscles of the superficial layer of flexors of the forearm from lateral to medial?
1. Pronator Teres 2. Flexor Carpi Radialis 3. Palmaris Longus 4. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
47
What are the muscle makes up the middle layer of flexors of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
48
What are the muscles of the deep layer of flexors of the forearm?
1. Flexor digitorum profundus 2. Flexor pollicis longus 3. Pronator quadratus
49
What are the muscles of the superficial layer of extensors of the forearm from lateral to medial?
1. Brachioradialis 2. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus 3. Extemspr Carpi Radialis Brevis 4. Extensor Digitorum 5. Extensor Digiti Minimi 6. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris 7. Anconeus
50
What are the muscles of the deep layer of extensors of the forearm from proximal to distal?
1. Supinator 2. Abductor Pollicis Longus 3. Extensor Pollicis Longus 4. Extensor Pollicis Brevis 5. Extensor Indicis

Anatomy II (8 decks)

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