Forearm and Wrist

Question 1

what is the antebrachium?

Answer 1

forearm (ulna and radius)

Question 2

what is the carpus?

Answer 2

wrist

Question 3

what is the pollex/pollicis?

Answer 3

thumb

Question 4

what is the digiti minimi?

Answer 4

pinky

Question 5

what does brevis mean?

Answer 5

the shorter one

Question 6

which surfaces are dorsal/palmar?

Answer 6

dorsal = top of hand

palmar = palm side

Question 7

what carpal bones make up the proximal row?

Answer 7

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

Question 8

what carpal bones make up the distal row?

Answer 8

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

Question 9

what type of bone is the pisiform?

Answer 9

sesamoid

Question 10

what is the largest carpal bone?

Answer 10

capitate

Question 11

what do the hook of the hamate and the pisiform make?

Answer 11

Guyon’s canal

Question 12

what type of joints are between the carpal bones?

Answer 12

plane-gliding joints

Question 13

what is the primary job for the action of the hand?

Answer 13

grasping/releasing for uniform or irregularly shaped objects

Question 14

the flexor retinaculum of the wrist is also known as the…

Answer 14

volar ligament

Question 15

what is the job of the volar ligament?

Answer 15

holds all the tendons in place on the anterior wrist

Question 16

what are the two muscles that run through the carpal tunnel?

Answer 16

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor digitorum profundus

Question 17

which nerve is commonly involved in pathology problems? how so?

Answer 17

the median nerve

the median nerve gets compressed if the volar ligament gets tight

Question 18

how is the carpal arch formed?

Answer 18

the base is formed medially by the pisiform and the hook of the hamate , laterally by the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium

Question 19

what connects the space between the medial/lateral sides of the base of the arch?

Answer 19

the flexor retinaculum

Question 20

what is the benefit of the two sesamoid bones on the thumb?

Answer 20

it is good for grip by providing a strong grip – really brings the thumb in

Question 21

what are the four wrist joints?

Answer 21

distal radio-ulnar

radial-carpal

intercarpal

midcarpal

Question 22

what is the primary wrist joint?

Answer 22

radio-carpal joint

Question 23

what type of joint is the distal radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 23

pivot joint

Question 24

what does the distal radio-ulnar joint allow?

Answer 24

pronation / supination of the forearm

Question 25

what shape is the distal radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 25

L-shaped

Question 26

what does it mean if your wrist consistently clicks with little continuous movements?

Answer 26

there is damage to the articular disc , cartilage has been torn

Question 27

what bones do the distal radius and distal surface of ulnar articular disk articulate with?

Answer 27

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

Question 28

where does the radial collateral ligament originate and attach to?

Answer 28

radial styloid to scaphoid tubercle

Question 29

where does the ulnar collateral ligament originate and attach to?

Answer 29

ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform

Question 30

all collateral ligaments provide support in the BLANK plane

Answer 30

frontal

Question 31

where does the palmar ulnocarpal ligament originate and attach to?

Answer 31

distal ulna to lunate and triquetrum

Question 32

where does the palmar radiocarpal ligament originate and attach to?

Answer 32

distal radius to proximal row of carpals and capitate

Question 33

what is the role of the palmar radiocarpal ligament?

Answer 33

keeps the radius and hand together during supination

Question 34

where does the dorsal radiocarpal ligament originate and attach to?

Answer 34

distal radius to proximal row of carpal bones

Question 35

what is the role of dorsal radiocarpal ligament?

Answer 35

keeps the radius and hand together during pronation

Question 36

what is the benefit for the joints of the carpal bones being plane-gliding joints?

Answer 36

contributes to the ability for grasp and release

Question 37

where are the intercarpal and interosseus intercarpal ligaments located?

Answer 37

in between the carpal bones and bases of metacarpals

Question 38

where is the midcarpal joint?

Answer 38

between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

Question 39

what does the midcarpal joint allow?

Answer 39

allows the distal row to move on the proximal row when in full grasp for heavy things participates in all wrist movements to some extent

Question 40

which finger is the reference point for the other fingers with abduction/adduction?

Answer 40

the middle finger

Question 41

what point of reference does the middle finger follow?

Answer 41

the regular midline of the body

Question 42

what type of joint is the thumb?

Answer 42

saddle joint

Question 43

is the thumb saddle joint concave or convex?

Answer 43

both

Question 44

what PLANE does flexion/extension of the thumb occur in?

Answer 44

frontal plane

Question 45

what PLANE does abduction/adduction of the thumb occur in?

Answer 45

sagittal plane

Question 46

what AXIS does flexion/extension of the thumb occur in?

Answer 46

sagittal axis

Question 47

what AXIS does abduction/adduction of the thumb occur in?

Answer 47

frontal axis

Question 48

what is opposition of the thumb?

Answer 48

movement in the saddle joint so that the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers

Question 49

what is repositioning of the thumb?

Answer 49

bringing the thumb back to anatomical position

Question 50

where does the median nerve run through?

Answer 50

runs down the flexor forearm --> the carpal tunnel // underneath the volar ligament

Question 51

where does the ulnar nerve run through?

Answer 51

Guyon's canal

Question 52

what is the radial nerve a direct branch level nerve off of?

Answer 52

the posterior cord

Question 53

where does the radial nerve run?

Answer 53

posterior arm --> extensor forearm --> dorsal surface of the wrist

Question 54

what does the median nerve innervate on the skin?

Answer 54

on the palmer side: the thumb, index, middle, and lateral side of ring finger on the dorsal side: the tips of the thumb, index, middle, and medial side of the tip of the middle finger

Question 55

where does the ulnar nerve run?

Answer 55

on the palmar side

Question 56

does the ulnar nerve provide sensory or motor innervation?

Answer 56

both motor innervation (deep branch) sensory innervation (superficial branch)

Question 57

where does the ulnar nerve provide sensory innervation?

Answer 57

on the palmar side: the ulnar side of the hand including the entire pinky and lateral side of the ring finger on the dorsal side: ulnar side of the hand including the entire pinky and MOST of the ring ringer EXCEPT the medial side of the tip of the ring finger

Question 58

what is the radial nerve responsible for?

Answer 58

wrist extension

Question 59

where does the radial nerve come off of and run through?

Answer 59

the posterior cord and runs down the dorsal part of the wrist

Question 60

what is the only part of the radial nerve that enters the hand?

Answer 60

the superficial branch

Question 61

where does the radial nerve provide sensory innervation?

Answer 61

on the palmar side: dorsolateral aspect of the palm on the dorsal side: entire thumb, half of index and ring fingers, and medial half of the hand stopping at the wrist

Question 62

what does the flexor retinaculum do?

Answer 62

connects carpal bones on the palmar surface forms roof of carpal tunnel holds finger flexor tendons in place

Question 63

what does the EXTENSOR retinaculum do?

Answer 63

attached to bones via septa forming separate compartments for tendons

Question 64

the median nerve innervations all the flexor muscles except these two:

Answer 64

flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundus

Question 65

what is pronator teres syndrome?

Answer 65

median nerve compression between the two heads of the pronator teres