Foreign Policy Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
Today, the United States confronts a ______ ______ that is rapidly changing and marked by new challenges.
A
global enviroment
2
Q
_____ _____ consists of the strategies and goals that guide a nation’s relations with other countries and groups in the world.
A
Foreign Policy
3
Q
The specific strategies that make up U.S., foreign policy from year to year change in response to changes in the ______ _____.
A
International environment
4
Q
The long-term goals of that policy remain constant, reflecting both nation’s ____ and its ___-___.
A
ideals and it’s self interests
5
Q
The principal goal of American foreign policy is to preserve the _____ of the United States.
A
security
6
Q
National security means ____ of nation’s borders and territories against invasion or control by foreign powers.
A
protection
7
Q
In today’s global economy national security means more than ______ _____.
A
military defense
8
Q
______ _____ with other nations and preserving access to necessary natural resources have also been basic goals U.S. foreign policy.
A
Maintaining trade
9
Q
Productive American ____ and ____ need foreign markets in which to sell their goods.
A
factories and farms
10
Q
Generally, the United States supports trade is ___ from both export and import restrictions.
A
free
11
Q
American leaders also work for ____ ___ because they believe it helps the nations avoid outside conflicts and aids national security.
A
world peace
12
Q
The United States tries to help other nations settle _____ and has also supplied _____ aid to at-risk countries.
A
disputes
economic aid
13
Q
The rise of terrorist groups, along with terrorist attacks, have made the goal of world peace an even ______ challenge
A
greater
14
Q
The United States aids democratic nations and helps others create democratic political systems. IE. ___ _____, ______, ___, ____
A
South Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Afghanistan
15
Q
The United States has responded by providing _____, _____ ____, and ______ ______ for humanitarian reasons.
A
food, medical supplies, and technical assistance
16
Q
This aid serves the strategic interests of the United States by maintaining _____ ______ in the world.
A
Political stability
17
Q
Until the late 1800s, American foreign policy was based on _______.
A
isolationism
18
Q
__________ the avoidance of involvement in world affairs.
A
Isolationism
19
Q
When _____ ____ became president in 1789, the U.S. was a small nation in deep debt.
A
George Washington
20
Q
In 1823 President ____ ____ announced a new foreign policy known as the Monroe Doctrine.
A
James Monroe
21
Q
It began to look for world markets for its products and for new sources of _____ _____.
A
raw materials
22
Q
For some government leaders, isolationism no longer fit the US’s role as an _____ ____.
A
economic power
23
Q
The U.S. leaders of the time believed the nation needed to expand and acquire a _____ empire.
A
colonial
24
Q
In 1898 the U.S. fought the ____ _____ ____.
A
Spanish American War
25
As a result, the U.S. acquired the ______ islands, _____, and _____ ____.
Philippine islands, Guam, and Puerto Rico
26
The United States was now a major in the _____ as well as the _____ region and East Asia.
Caribbean
Pacific
27
When World War I began in Europe in 1914, _______ sentiment in the United States was still strong.
isolationist
28
Disillusioned by the terrible cost of war, American returned to _______.
isolationism
29
When World War II began in 1939, the United States officially remained _____.
neutral
30
The ______ attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, drew the United States into war.
Japanese
31
Since World War II, U.S. foreign policy has been based on _______.
internationalism
32
U.S. government leaders viewed the power of the ______ ____ as a threat to national security.
Soviet Union
33
Between 1945 and 1949, the Soviet Union established control over the governments of _______ European countries.
Eastern
34
In _____ Chinese Communists seized control of China.
1949
35
The Communist takeovers in the nations convinced American leaders that they must halt ________ aggression.
Communist
36
The ____ ___ was a war of words and ideologies rather than a shooting war.
Cold War
37
With the threat of expanding communism, the U.S. drew upon ideas of ____ F. ____, an American and expert on Soviet history and culture.
George F. Kennan
38
The U.S. would create a policy known as ________.
containment
39
_______ was the policy to keep the Soviet Union from expanding its powers.
Containment
40
America Also tried to stop the spread of communism by giving _____ aid to nations they said were threatened by totalitarian regimes.
economic
41
President _____ ____ announced what later became known as the Truman Doctrine in a speech in 1947.
Harry Truman
42
Months later the ______ ___ provided badly needed economic aid for war-torn Europe.
Marshall Plan
43
Cold War tensions and fears also led to an ____ ___.
arms race
44
The Cold War policy of containment drew the U.S. into two wars:
Korea and Vietnam
45
In the ______ War the U.S. aided pro-American South Korea when it was invaded by communist North Korea.
Korean
46
Truman saw the invasion of South Korea an _______ by the Soviet Union and sent the American troops there under UN sponsorship.
expansionism
47
In the _____ War, the United States committed troops for many years to fight on the side of the South Vietnamese government against Communist N. Vietnam.
Vietnam
48
In 1989, the ___ ___ dividing Communist East Germany from the democratic West Germany was torn down by demonstrators.
Berlin Wall
49
U.S. troops were sent across the globe while policymakers called on the U.S. to stay involved in world politic to
1. Protect American trade interests.
2. encourage democracy
3. Advance human rights
50
In 1990 Iraq's leader _____ _____, invaded neighboring Kuwait threatening Middle eastern oil supplies.
Saddam Hussein
51
These actions included a program of inspections aimed at preventing Iraq from developing _____of ____ _______.
weapons of mass destruction
52
During the 1990s ____ ______ kept tension high by failing to cooperate with UN-mandated inspections.
Saddam Hussein
53
Throughout the 1990s President ______ sent U.S. forces to several places in attempts to maintain political order and protect humanitarian interests.
Clinton
54
In 1992 American troops join a multi-nation force in ______ to protect relief organizations operating during a civil war.
Somalia
55
In 1994 American troops preserved order in ____ when their president was forced to flee the country.
Haiti
56
In 1995 American and NATO allies intervened to end ethnic warfare among _____, ____, and ______ resulting from the breakup of the former Yugoslavia.
Croats, Serbs, and Muslims
57
In 1999, American and NATO air power and troops forced Serbian troops withdraw from the Yugoslavian province of ______.
Kosovo
58
The FBI and intelligence sources identified the attack as the work of __-____, a global network of islamic terrorists whose leaders were based in Afghanistan.
al-Qaeda
59
President _____ W. ______ quickly announced that a war on terrorism would become the focus of his administration
George W. Bush
60
The Bush administration's framework states that _______ should replace containment and deterrence as the foundation of American strategy.
Preemption
61
_______ means that the U.S. will strike first with military force against any terrorist groups or rogue states that might threaten the nation with weapons of mass destruction.
Preemption
62
President Bush applied preemption in _____ 2003 when the U.S. and a coalition of others removed the government of Saddam Hussein.
March
63
In _______ 2003, Saddam Hussein would be captured.
December
64
The _______ of the _____ attempted to divide the responsibility for foreign affairs between the president and Congress.
The Framers of the Constitution
65
The President derives power to formulate foreign policy from two sources.:
1. The constitution lists certain presidential powers related to foreign policy.
2. As the head of the world's superpower, the president functions as an important world leader.
66
The _______ grants the president the power to be the commander in chief of the nation's military forces.
Constitution
67
The _______ may send troops, ships, and planes or may even use nuclear weapons anywhere in the world, without congressional approval.
president
68
In addition, Article __, Section __ grants the president certain diplomatic matters.
Article II, Section 2
69
The ______ appoints _______, who represent the nation in diplomatic matters.
president appoints ambassadors
70
By receiving these ambassadors, the president gives ______ _____ to the government.
formal recognition
71
Refusing to receive the ambassador, the president can withhold _____ _____ of a foreign government.
diplomatic recognition
72
Formal recognition of a government is vital because it qualifies that government to receive ______ and other forms of ____.
Economic and other forms of aid
73
Article II, Section 2 also gives the president power to _____ ______.
Make treaties
74
A _____ is a formal agreement between the governments of two or more nations.
treaty
75
As head of state, the president plays an important part in ______ foreign policy.
controlling
76
The ______ has the final responsibility for establishing foreign policy
president
77
Two cabinet departments make foreign policy a full time concern:
1. Department of Defense
| 2. Department of State
78
The_____ of _____ supervises all the diplomatic activities of the American government
Secretary of State
79
The secretary of state carries on diplomacy at the highest level:
He/she travels to foreign capitals for important negotiations with heads of state and represents the US at major international conference
80
The _______ __ ______ supervises the military activities of the United States government
secretary of defense
81
The president receives information and advice from the secretary of defense on the nation’s ____ _____, ______, and _____.
military forces, weapons, and bases
82
The national security advisor is the director of the _____ ______ _____ (NSC) plays a major role in foreign affairs
National Security Council
83
__. ________ ______ was the first woman to be chosen as national security advisor
Dr. Condoleezza Rice
84
The task of gathering and coordinating this information is primarily the responsibility of the ______ _____ ____.
Central Intelligence Agency
85
The _____ ______ ___established the CIA and defined its duties in ____.
The National Security Act established the CIA and defined its duties in 1947
86
Today the CIA is under the direction of the ______ ______ _____ , coordinates the intelligence activities of other agencies
National Security Council
87
The ___ also safeguards top secret information and conducts intelligence operations that the council authorizes
CIA
88
Critics of the CIA have questioned the agency’s ______.
efficiency
89
_______ was the most evident after the CIA failed to predict Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1990
Inefficiency
90
The collapse of the Soviet Union during ____ caught the CIA by surprise
1991
91
It is the _______ who determines what policies are to be followed
president
92
The Constitution gives congress significant foreign policy powers
Power to declare war, and appropriate money
93
The Constitution balances the president’s powers as ______ ____ ____ by gathering Congress the power to declare war
commander in chief
94
________ has exercised its power to declare war only five times in our nation’s history
Congress
95
War of 1812, 1846 against M__(1)__, 1898 against (2)_____, 1917 against ___(3)__, 1941 against J_____, G____, and I_____
1. Mexico 2. Spain 3. Germany 4. Japan, Germany, and Italy
96
Congress passed the ____ of ____ _____ in vietnam to authorise the president "to take all necessary measure to repel any armed attack against the forces of the U.S."
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
97
Congress tried to check the president's power to send troops into combat by passing the ____ ____ ____ in 1973. The act declared that the president could not send troops into combat for more than 60 days without the consent of Congress.
War Powers Act
98
Congress must authorize funds for defense and foreign aid each ___.
year
99
Congress can _____ to provide funds for aid to other nations.
refuse
100
The president may make treaties with foreign governments, but __\__s vote of the Senate must ratify them.
2\3s
101
_______ ______ are pacts between the president and the head of a foreign governments that have legal status of treaties but do not require Senate approval.
Executive Agreements
102
Today, the executive agreements make up more than ____% of all U.S. international agreements.
90%
103
Under U.S. law the president may grant ____- _____-____ (MFN) status to trading partners.
Most-favored-nation
104
By a __\__s vote Congress may overturn the president's decision to grant MFN.
2\3s
105
In ____, China was granted permanent MFN status.
2000
106
Over the past several decades, the president's foreign policies have enjoyed ______ congressional support.
bipartisan
107
Bipartisan means ___-___.
two-party
108
The ____ has advantages over Congress in conducting foreign policy.
president.
109
Only the president or a ____ ______ such as the secretary of state can speak for the nation in dealing with other governments.
chosen spokesperson
110
By using executive agreements, the president can ____ the Senate when making agreements with other nations.
bypass
111
The _____ and _____ have the major responsibility for making foreign policy, and are often influenced by the opinions of the American people.
president and congress
112
______ from interest groups can also affect foreign policy.
pressure
113
_____ ____ ____ can have a substantial impact on legislation that affects their areas of interests.
Human rights issues
114
The ______ of ____, is one of the smallest cabinet-level departments in terms of employees, yet they carry out foreign policy.
Department of State
115
The ______of_____ is the largest of all the executive departments both in terms of money spent and people employed.
Department of Defense
116
Created by Congress in ____, the Dept. of State was the first executive department
1789
117
Originally the state department was known as the _____ _____ ___ ____.
Department of Foreign Affairs
118
The ______of-_____ is generally considered to be the most
secretary of state
119
Your current secretary of state is ____ _____.
John Kerry
120
The Dept. of state carries out four important functions:
1.Keep the president informed about international issues.
2.Maintain diplomatic relations with foreign governments
3.Negotiate treaties with foreign governments
Protect the interests of 4.Americans who are traveling or conducting business abroad.
121
Six assistant secretaries direct the six geographical bureaus of the State Dept. The six bureaus are:
Bureau of African affairs, European and Eurasian Affairs, East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Western Hemisphere Affairs, Near Eastern Affairs, and South Asian Affairs.
122
______ _____ ____ (FSOs) usually spend several years abroad in the diplomatic post.
Foreign Service Officers
123
The United States maintains ______ in the capital cities of foreign countries.
embassies
124
An embassy includes:
the official residence and offices of the ambassador and his\her staff.
125
The primary function of an embassy is to make diplomatic _____ between governments easier.
communication
126
Currently the State Dept. directs the work over ____ American embassies and consulates.
200
127
An _____ heads each American embassy.
ambassador
128
An ambassador is appointed by the ____and must be confirmed by the ____.
Appointed by the president and must be confirmed by the senate
129
In major disagreements, governments may break off diplomatic relations by _____ their embassies, this ranks as the strongest sign of displeasure one government can show to another.
closing
130
The U.S. also maintains offices known as ______ in major cities of foreign nations.
consulates
131
Heading each consulate is a Foreign Service Officer called a _____.
consul
132
For Americans traveling abroad, the State Department issues a document called a ______.
passport
133
A ____ is a special document issued by the government of the country that a person wishes to enter.
visa
134
To protect national security the____ __ _____ (DOD) supervises the armed forces of the U.S. and makes sure these forces are strong enough to defend American interests.
Dept. of Defense
135
Before 1947 _____ ___ ___ and ___ ____ were responsible for the nation’s defense.
the Departments of War and the Navy
136
After WWII and military reorganization, the ___ ____ _____ was founded and two years later became the DOD. (Department of Defense)
National Security Establishment
137
In order to maintain civilian control of the military, the top leaders of the DOD all are required to be _____.
citizens
138
The Department of Defense is headquartered at the ______.
pentagon
139
The U.S. _____ _____, under the jurisdiction of the Navy, maintains its own leadership, identity, and traditions.
Marine Corps,
140
The Joint Chiefs of Staff is a six member group:
Chief of Staff of the Army, Air Force, Naval Operations, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
141
The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is appointed for a two-year term by the ______.
president
142
The United States has two methods of staffing its armed forces:
1. Conscription-or compulsory military service
| 2. Volunteers
143
Since ___ all young men who have passed their 18th birthdays have been required to register their names and addresses with local draft boards.
1980
144
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization would be founded in ___ as a mutual defense alliance.
1949
145
____members agreed to come to aid of any member who is attacked.
NATO
146
In 1948 the U.S. signed a treaty establishing the ________ ___ _____ _____ (OAS) which is primarily concerned with promoting economic development in the Americas.
Organization of American States
147
________ treaties are the international agreements signed by several nations
Multilateral treaties are the international agreements signed by several nations
148
A ______treaty is an agreement that involves only two nations.
bilateral
149
_______are measures such as withholding loans, arms, or economic aid to force a foreign government to cease certain activities.
Sanctions
