foreign policy and the spanish marriage

Question 1

why was securing a dynasty key for mary?

Answer 1

she needed to continue the catholic reformation trough having catholic raised children but mary did have gyneological problems

Question 2

why did charles V (emperor) support the spanish marriage?

Answer 2

be useful for habspburgs to have a strong bond with england in opposition to france and geographically have more control over netherlands

Question 3

what were the terms of the spanish marriage treaty?

Answer 3

• any son would inherit england and wouldnt be considered Spanish
• if there was no heir or mary died before him no heirs of his would have claim to throne
• philip not given ‘king’ status and has no soverign authority
• couldnt promote spaniards into office in England
• not allowed to take the queen or any children out of the country without permission of the nobility (fears of kidnap)
• had to uphold 1543 and 1546 treaties with the nertherlands which stated england would help netherlands against french

Question 4

what were mary’s 3 foreign policy aims?

Answer 4

• alliance with spain
• trade and exploration
• ally with catholic Europe by supporting pope and gaining papal supremacy

Question 5

why did a close relationship with the emperor make people worry and some people cheer

Answer 5

feared it could lead to get another french war

however those in traid welcomed a close relationship as a marriage would present far more commercial opportunities for them and greater wealth

Question 6

what loophole in the marriage alliance was there which could drag England into Spanish wars

Answer 6

‘Philip should aid mary in governing her kingdom’

Question 7

what countries did philip inherit when charles V died

Answer 7

spain, netherlands and the new world

Question 8

when did mary and philip mary

Answer 8

1554

• strengthened relations in Europe but caused the Wyatt rebellion
• went against papal anglo ties as siding w spain meant supporting french war with hapsburgs

Question 9

when did charles v abdricate and what did it mean for england

Answer 9

1555

charles inherited many countries and no was less interested with english marriage alliance

Question 10

treaty of vaucelles

Answer 10

Feb 1556
established peace between France and Spain lessening likelihood of war
-lacked longevity

Question 11

when did Thomas stafford land french troops in Scarborough?

Answer 11

april 1557

Question 12

when did english and spanish troups regin successful at saint quinten?

Answer 12

august 1557 vicotory over france (henry II defeated)

Question 13

when was calaid recaptured by french

Answer 13

jan 1558

revenge against england after saint quinten as alais was the last remaining component to the medival empire

tried retaliate and invade brest but was another failure

Question 14

impact of loosing calais?

Answer 14

• loss of trade that came through the port
• humiliating abandonment of British territory that was captured in 1447
• however little could be achieved by maintaining control over calais and was only a matter of time before the french got it back
• was difficult and expensive to maintain an army there (made FP cheaper)
• diplomatically seen as a result of marys dependence on Spanish advisors and her slavish persuit for hapsburg policy which betrayed english interests

Question 15

treaty of catuea cambreisis

Answer 15

ended french- hapsburg war and solidified that calais would be returned to France

Question 16

what positive effect did mar have on military

Answer 16

• 6 new naval ships built and many prepared under the budget allocated of 14,000 (after appointment of new naval treasurer)
• got rid of old army system of lords and gentlemen and raised a real mailita under the malita act 1558