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Modern Britain > Foreign Relations: 1951-64 > Flashcards

Foreign Relations: 1951-64 Flashcards

1
Q

What was the major problem after WW2?

A

Britain was badly damaged and had huge debts

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2
Q

What shows the diminished position of Britian in the world after the war?

A

1947 Britian removes economic commitments from Greece, Palastine and Turkey

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3
Q

What was the Schuman plan (1950)

A

Proposals for a coal and steel community between France and Germany with the goal of a economic reconstruction and greater unity

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4
Q

What set out the EEC?

A

The Treaty of Rome (1957)

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5
Q

What was Britian’s stance on the EEC?

A

They supported it, but did not want to join. This was both the political and social attitude

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6
Q

Why were Labour against the EEC on its inception?

A

They saw it as a “capitalist club” which worked against their socialist values

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7
Q

Why were the Conservative’s against the EEC on its inception?

A

They wanted to focus on the commonwealth and the “special relationship” with the USA

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8
Q

Why did the “Special Relationship” become even more important as the 50s and 60s progressed?

A

The developments of the Cold War

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9
Q

What was another, more nationalist, view against the EEC?

A

Many people saw Britain as above the EEC

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10
Q

I) What was Britian’s attempt at their own EEC called?

II) When was it set up?

A

I) EFTA (European Free Trade Association)

II) 1959

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11
Q

Why was EFTA a mixed bag?

A

Nations saw growth, but less than the EEC nations

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12
Q

When was the first EEC application?

A

1961

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13
Q

Give 3 reasons (other than economic growth) that Britain applied to join the EEC in 1961

A

I) boost in exports
II) A boost in exports would also boost production
III) President Kennedy encouraged Macmillan to join to strengthen the USA’s position with Europe

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14
Q

What was the major event that finally made British people reconsider Britain’s status as a great power?

A

The Suez Crisis

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15
Q

What was De Gaulle’s biggest worry about Britain?

A

Their links with America would infringe on the power of the EU

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16
Q

Why were the EEC negotiations in 1961 hard?

A

The UK wanted to continue commonwealth trade links

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17
Q

What was one of the major points of conflict in the EEC application of 1961?

A

The Common Agricultural Policy. Britain wanted to buy lamb from New Zeland instead of France.

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18
Q

I) When were Britain rejected from the EEC for the first time?
II) Why?

A

I) 1963

II) De Gaulle VETOd their application

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19
Q

Give 3 pieces of Evidence for the close relationship between the UK and US

A

1) 90,000 supporting troops in the Korean War (1950-53)
2) Macmillan’s involvement in the planning of the Paris Summit (1960)
3) Kennedy keeping Macmillan closely informed during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)

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20
Q

When was NATO formed? `

A

1949

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21
Q

What were the three key points of conflict between Britain and the US?

A

1) Suez
2) Spy scandals (Burges and Mclean)
3) The USA was the dominant power

22
Q

When did the UK develop its nuclear bomb?

A

1957

23
Q

When was CND formed?

A

1958

24
Q

How many CND protestors were present at the 1958 and 1959 aldermarston marches?

A

8,000

25
Q

I) When do the US sign he Mutual Defence Agreement?

II) What did it stipulate?

A

I) 1958

II) Sharing of nuclear secrets between the US and UK

26
Q

How did the Mutual Defence Agreement change Britain’s approach to Nuclear weapons? (3)

A

I) more moderate labour politicians began to oppose them
II) The UK was, once again, reliant on the USA
III) The UK would adopt the submarine-launched Polaris technology

27
Q

What percentage of Western Europe’s oil imports passed through the Suez canal?

A

80%

28
Q

Who was the Suez Canal operated by until 1956?

A

The Suez Canal Company (dominated by French investors)

29
Q

What even changed the Canal in 1956?

A

General Nasser leads a coup against the Suez Canal Company

30
Q

What project did England and America pull out of following the coup?

A

The Aswan Dam project

31
Q

How did Nasser respond to the UK and US pulling out of the Aswan Dam?

A

He nationalised the Suez canal to raise the funds for the dam

32
Q

Why was Nasser’s anti-western stance even more worrying during this time?

A

There was a risk that Nasser would support the USSR

33
Q

How did Eden view Britian’s world status?

A

He believed the UK was still a world power

34
Q

Which middle eastern nation also feared Nasser?

A

Israel

35
Q

Where did Britain, France and Israel meet?

A

Sevres

36
Q

Did Eden notify Parliament or the USA of the plan devised at Sevres?

A

No

37
Q

When was the Suez plan put into effect?

A

29th October 1956

38
Q

What was the reaction to the plan in Suez

A

Opposition from Labour and most of the British public

39
Q

What halted the military intervention in Egypt

A

The US denouncing America’s actions

40
Q

What were two economic sanctions which caused Britain to suffer during the Crisis?

A

I) America blocked Britian’s IMF loan application

II) Saudi Arabia places an Oil Embargo on the UK, and the US refuses to help until troops after withdrawn

41
Q

Which key cabinet member, who supported the invasion to begin with, convinced Eden to withdraw

A

Macmillan

42
Q

What are the 4 major impacts of the Suez Crisis?

A

1) Eden’s political career ends
2) The establishment’s reputation took a huge blow
3) Britain’s reputation as a source for good in the world was weakened
4) It was clear the UK was no longer a major power due to the US’s force of a cease fire. From here Britain would have to tie its foreign policy to the US.

43
Q

What was the first sign of decolonisation?

A

The withdrawal from India in 1947

44
Q

What was Churchill’s view on Decolonisation?

A

It was going to happen (though he did not want it to) but it could happen slowly

45
Q

What major uprising in 1952 had to be quelled by the British army?

A

The Mau Mau rebellion in Kenya

46
Q

When was the Winds of Change speech?

A

1960

47
Q

What were the two key part of decolonisation that Macmillan hoped for?

A

I) That the nations would allow black majority rule

II) That the nation would side with “western” capitalism instead of USSR-style communism

48
Q

When did Ghana achieve independence?

A

1957

49
Q

When did Nigeria and Cyprus become independent?

A

1960

50
Q

Which nations became independent after 1960?

A

Tanganyika, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Kenya

Modern Britain (18 decks)

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