Forensic Chemistry

Question 1

Electromagnetic radiation

Answer 1

Light, sine waves irradiating out from a source in all directions

Question 2

How do gamma and x-rays interact with matter?

Answer 2

Pass through matter, except for very dense matter

Question 3

How does UV/visible light interact with matter?

Answer 3

Molecules absorb the energy and electrons shift orbitals

Question 4

How does IR light interact with matter?

Answer 4

Causes bonds between atoms to vibrate

Question 5

How do microwaves interact with matter?

Answer 5

Molecules rotate or spin

Question 6

How do radio waves interact with matter?

Answer 6

Transported with a carrier wave in a process called modulation

Question 7

Electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing wavelength

Answer 7

Gamma rays, x-rays, UV, visible, IR, microwave, radio

Question 8

Electromagnetic spectrum in order of increasing energy

Answer 8

Radio, microwave, IR, visible, UV, x-rays, gamma rays

Question 9

Lens

Answer 9

Translucent material that bends light in a known and predictable manner

Question 10

Focal length

Answer 10

Distance between the two points of focus on either side of the len

Question 11

Empty magnification

Answer 11

Increase in magnification without an increase in resolution

Question 12

Numerical aperture

Answer 12

NA, angular measure of the lens’ light gathering ability, and ultimately its resolving quality

Question 13

Condenser

Answer 13

Lenses below the stage that allow more or less light into the lens system of the microscope Used to obtain a bright, even field of view and improve image resolution

Question 14

Field diaphragm

Answer 14

Control that allows more or less light into the lens system of the microscope

Question 15

Kohler illumination

Answer 15

Sets the light rays parallel throughout the lens system

Question 16

Birefringence

Answer 16

The difference in refractive indices

Question 17

Two things required for extraction to occur

Answer 17

1. Must be differences (chemical/physical) between matrix and analyte 2. Must be an equilibrium condition that can be manipulated

Question 18

In TLC, if pH is used for ionization suppression…

Answer 18

The compound will be neutral and will favor the less polar phase

Question 19

In TLC, if pH is used to facilitate ionization..

Answer 19

The compound will be charged and will favor the more polar phase

Question 20

Atomic weight

Answer 20

protons + # neutrons (in the nucleus)

Question 21

Drug

Answer 21

Natural or synthetic substance that is designed to produce a specific set of psychological or physiological effects on the human body

Question 22

Duquenois-Levine

Answer 22

Marijuana –> Purple

Question 23

Scott test

Answer 23

Cocaine –> turquoise

Question 24

Marquis test

Answer 24

Opiates –> purple, + water = amphetamines –> orange

Question 25

Ehrlich's

Answer 25

LSD --\> Purple

Question 26

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 26

What the body does to a drug --\> absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

Question 27

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 27

What the drug does to the body

Question 28

Synergism

Answer 28

The total effects on the body of two or more drugs taken together is greater than the effects would be if the drugs are taken separately

Question 29

Enantiomers

Answer 29

Optical isomers, stereoisomers are mirror images but not superimposable

Question 30

Alkane

Answer 30

C-C "-ane"

Question 31

Alkene

Answer 31

C=C "-ene"

Question 32

Alkyne

Answer 32

C triple bond C "-yne"

Question 33

Alcohol

Answer 33

R-OH "-ol"

Question 34

Ether

Answer 34

R-O-R "-oxy -ane"

Question 35

Aldehyde

Answer 35

"-al"

Question 36

Carboxylic Acid

Answer 36

"-oic acid"

Question 37

Ester

Answer 37

"-yl" "-oate"

Question 38

Amide

Answer 38

"-amide"

Question 39

Amine

Answer 39

"-amine"

Question 40

Nitrile

Answer 40

"-nitrile"

Question 41

of carbons and their prefix for organic compounds

Answer 41

1-Meth 2- Eth 3- Prop 4- But 5- Pent 6- Hex 7-Hept 8- Oct 9- Non 10- Dec

Question 42

Ionization energy

Answer 42

Amount of energy required to remove one electron from an atom

Question 43

Ionic bonding

Answer 43

Complete transfer of valence electrons

Question 44

Covalent bonding

Answer 44

Sharing of electrons between atoms of similar electronegativities

Question 45

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 45

Dipole-dipole interactions between molecules. H atom covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom = dipole +, attracted to dipole - from another electronegative atom

Question 46

Van der Waals forces

Answer 46

Weakest "bonds"- distant-dependent interactions caused by 1) permanent electric dipoles 2) presence of permanent dipoles temporarily distorts the electron charge in other nearby molecules 3) molecules with no permanent dipoles have a force of attraction with one another