forensic medicine Flashcards
(181 cards)
1
Q
define rape
A
a man is said to commit rape rape if he has sexual intercourse with a women
1 agnst her will
2.without her consent
3.with her consent if she is <16 yrs of age
intoxicated or has unsound mind so tht she is unable to
understand the consequences consent is obtained by unlawful means
giving consent because she believes that he is another man to whom she is married
4.sexual intercourse by man with his own wife if she is >15 yrs is not rape
2
Q
wht is suppositous child
A
ficititous child claimed by a women as her own a women may pretend pregnancy a delivery and later substitute a living Male child for dead child or female child
age of child does not correspond to date of pregnancy and dna fingerprints is confirmatory
3
Q
wht is raygats test
A
it is based on fact tht breathing increases lung volume which is more thn required to compensate weight of addition blood sp gravity is diminished after respiration
4
Q
cause of false negative raygats test
A
sinking of unexpanded lung
•atelactasis
•lung ds like pneumonia, pulmonary edema, congenital syphilis
5
Q
false positive test raygats test r
A
putrefaction artificial inflation of lung
6
Q
when is raygats test unnecessary
A
gestational age<180 dys
•fetus is macerated ,mummified •stomach contains milk
• scar has formed due to umbilical cord separation
7
Q
fodere’s test is
A
due to blood flow to the lung weight is increased when respiration establishes weight of both lungs is doubled after respiration
8
Q
ploucquets
test is
A
blood flow in lung bed is increased after breathing tht their lung wht/body wht ratio is doubled after respiration
1: 70 unrespired lung
1: 35 respired lung
ploquet’s propotional ratio
9
Q
wht is breslau’s second life test
A
air will be swallowed and so may pass into stomach and small intestine when respiration establishes
10
Q
legal age by which fetus can survive is
A
24 wks
11
Q
avg length of full term child is
A
50 cm
12
Q
wht is vagitus uterinus
A
cry of unborn in uterus
13
Q
vagitus vaginalis
A
cry of unborn in vagina
14
Q
macerated fetus indicates
A
dead born
15
Q
wht is Spalding’s sign
A
loss of alignment and overriding of skull bones in IUD
16
Q
wht is posthumos child
A
child born after death of his father mother being conceived by said father
17
Q
wht is superfecundation
A
fertilisation of 2 ova which hve been discharged from ovary by 2 separate acts of coitus at short intervals
18
Q
wht is superfoetation
A
fertilisation of 2 separate ova realsed from ovary in different cycles so fertilisation of second ovum in women who is pregnant 2 fetus r of different stages of development
19
Q
name few signs of respiration
A
chest circumference is larger thn abdomen in live born
•diaphragm is at the level of 6th-7th in live born and higher in still born
20
Q
difference in putrefaction between still birth and child who took some breaths and then died
A
in still born putrefaction starts from outside to inside whereas in alive born putrefaction starts from inside to outside
21
Q
most usual change in IUD
A
maceration
it is aseptic autolysis because membranes are not ruptured and fetus is enclosed in sterile condition i
22
Q
time taken for macerated to occur
A
3-4 days when dead fetus is surrounded with liqour amnii but exclusion of air
does not occur if child is born in <24 hrs of death
23
Q
wht is robert sign
A
gas in great vessels of fetus with IUD
24
Q
give signs of maceration
A
•skin slippage earliest within 12 hrs
•gas in great vessel
•collapse of vertebral column showing hyperflexion crowding of ribs
• body flattens out when placed on level
large blebs on skin easily peeled skin
•spalding sign
25
which organs remain unchanged in a dead fetus for a long time
uterus and lungs
26
wht is Spalding's sign
overriding of skull bones as a consequence of IUD and maceration of fetus it is due to shrinkage of cerebrum
27
spalding sign is seen earlier in vertex or breech
vertex
28
time taken for Spalding's sign to show iss
>7 days
29
difference of skin in macerated and putrefied fetus
skin of maceration fetus is brownish red whereas in putrefaction skin is green in colour
30
most uncommon change in dead fetus inside utero is
adipocere formation
31
rigor mortis develops in a foetus attaining ____ age
7 mnths
32
gas in grt vessels indicate
only fetal death nothing about maturity
33
Spalding's sign is seen in
maceration
34
which of the following ossification centre if appears indicate viable fetus
* centre of talus at the end of 7 months
| * lower end of femur at the end of 9 mnths
35
first ossification centre appearing at birth is
lower end of
| femur ie 9mnths
36
lower end of femur can help to diagnose
age
37
under which conditions pernatal diagnosis can be carried out
•pregnant women >35 yrs
there has been •exposure to teratogenic drug
•history of 2 or more abortion or fetal loss
•has a family history of mental retardation
38
a 22 yr old lady died on postmortem which things will indicate that she has delivered a child
```
•larger,thicker and heavier uterus
•wall of uterus are concave from inside
and top of fundus is convex
•body of uterus is 2×length of cervix
•ext os is enlarged
•arbor vitae ie mucosal folds are present in canal of cervix
```
39
wht is the usual precipitating factor for a childs battering
cry of child disturbing sleep or outing
40
which is diagnostic test to detect battering of a child
xray whole body (babygram )
41
most commonly victim of battering is
* child <3yrs old
* youngest eldest male
* and and unwanted
42
classical signs indicating battering are
discrepancy between nature of injury and explanation
•injuries of different stages in different stages of healing
•purposeful delay in seeking medical attention
43
commonest method of inflicting injury in battering baby is
direct violence
44
most characteristic lesion of battering a baby is
tear of frenulum and alveolar margins of gums is most characteristic
45
nobbing fractures are
```
multiple rib #s produced in battering a child at costovertebral junction
#sin different stages of healing differentiate them from #s due to resuscitation
```
46
most common cause of death in battered babies is
head injury>rupture of int abdominal organ
47
wht is caffey infantie whiplash syndrome
This syndrome involves vigorous manual shaking of infants by the extremities or shoulders, with whiplash-induced intracranial and intraocular bleeding, but with no external signs of head trauma
48
other names of battered baby syndrome
* caffey syndrome
* infantie whiplash syndrome
* maltreatment syndrome in a child
* Inflicted traumatic brain injury
* inflicted childhood neurotrauma
49
wht is 377 IPC
it defines and punishes unnatural sexual offences
50
name natural sexual offences
adultry
| incest rape
51
other name of lesbianism is
triabadism
52
active partner in in lesbianism is k/a
dyke or butch
53
passive partner in lesbianism is k/a
femme
54
wht is fitichism
use of living or non living object ie
non living object of opposite sex for sexual gra
gratification seen exclusively in men
55
transvestism
sexual gratification by wearing clothes of opposite sex
56
define incest
intercourse in closely related individuals
57
adultry is
voluntary intercourse bw a married person and person married or not other thn his /her spouse
58
bestiality is
intercourse with an animal
59
pedophile
intercourse with children
60
wht is sadism
infliction of pain to sexual partner
61
wht necrophagia and lust murder
sadist may damage organs and eat flesh
| lust murder is where murder is equal to coitus
62
masochism is
sexual pleasure by receiving pain from partner
| autoerotic hanging
63
algolagnia is
bondage
64
frotteurism is
sexual gratification by rubbing the genital against other person
65
wht is voyerism /scotophilia /peeping toms
desire to watch sexual intercourse
66
pygmalionism
falling in love with object made by him
67
oedipus complex
sexual desire of son towards mother
68
electra complex
sexual desire of daughter towars father
69
pharon complex
sexual desire of brother towards sister
70
fellatio
oral stimulation of penis by male or female
71
cunnilingus
oral stimulation of female genital
72
wht is quod hoc
temporary impotence in an individual for a particular women only but he can perform act eith another woman
73
frigidity is?
inability to initiate sexual arousal in females
74
impotence is ?
inability to initiate sexual arousal in males
75
wht is sec 228 A
prohibits disclosure of identity of rape victim
76
sec 375
defines rape
77
sec 376
lays down punishment for rape confirm from book
78
wht is 376 A
martial rape
79
wht is sec 354
punishment for indecent assault
80
327 crpc is ??
inquiry and trial of rape should be conducted in camera and printing or publishing any matter is unlawful except with permission from court
81
114 IEA stands of
if women states tht she did not consent the court shall presume she did not consent
82
atavism is resemblance to
grandparents
83
bucket handle # is pathognomic of
battered baby syndrome
84
lendrum staining detects
amniotic fluid
85
alcian blue staining is for
mucin
86
sudan black staining is for
vernix caseosa
87
in india boy below ____yrs cannot be charged with rape
no such limit
88
statutory rape is
sexual activity in which one of individuals is below the age required to give consent legally
89
glaister keen rods r used for
degree of rupture and whether the rupture is recent or old
90
most imp sign of defloration is
ruptured hymen
91
Edmund locard is known for
locards exchange principal
92
rupture of hymen of virgin tear is mostly in
posterolateral
93
in nulliparous cervical opening is
round or circular
94
in multiparous cervical opening is
transverse patulous slit like
95
cervical canal in nulliparous
flattened transversely so has ant and post walls
| arbor vitae present
96
cervical canal in multiparous
conical or cylindrical arbor vitae absent
97
seminal stains are detected using
barberio test
flourence test
acid phosphatase test
ELISA
98
blood stains are detected by
benzodine phenolphthalein test
| hemochromogen crystals test
99
test done for detecting vaginal cells from accused in case of rape is
lugols iodine test
100
mtp was introduced in
1971
101
for mtp consent is taken from
wife only
102
moa of abortion stick
uterine contractions
103
mtp act was passed in
1971
104
define impotence
inability of a person to perform sexual intercourse it is not a defence for rape
105
define sterilty
inability of male to beget children and in female inability to conceive children
106
questions of impotence and sterility may arise in which civil cases
nullity of marriage • divorce •adultry
•disputed paternity
•suits of adoption
107
questions of impotency arises in
criminal adultry
rape
unnatural offences
108
wht is quod hanc
impotency only towards spouse potent towards others
109
how much time after vasectomy a person is advised to abstain from intercourse
3 mnths
110
wht is sec 497 ipc
In artificial insemination donor and recipient cannot be held guilty of adultry
111
consent of ___ is required for artificial insemination
both husband and wife
112
is AI is without the husbands consent can he sue for divorce
yes
113
which stage of baby is transferred to mother after test tube fertilisation
blastocyst
114
sec 112 IEA
| mnemonic 1+1=3
any person born during the continuance of a valid marriage bw his mother and any man or within 280 days of its dissolution the mother remaining un married shall be conclusive proof legitimacy
115
who can be a surrogate mother in India
mother should be bw 21-35 yrs and cannot give birth to more thn 5 children including her own
116
can surrogate mother undertake embryo transfer for the same parents over 3 times
no
117
consent of married women to be surrogate is given by
women and her husband
118
who will take custody of child born with congenital anomalies in surrogate child
commissioning parents
119
tears on hymen by masturbation are located in
anteriolaterally bw 11 and 1 o clock
120
wht r indications for MTP
S E T H
Social contraceptive failure in married couples
Therapeutic eugenic
humanitarian
121
whose consent is required for MTP
only wife not husband
122
whose consent is required for sterlisation
both husband and wife
123
MTP act 1971 allows termination of pregnancy till
20 wks
if 12wks only 1 medical practitioners
is 12-20 wks 2 doctors are required
124
wht qualification is required for termination of pregnancy upto 12 wks
RMP with 6 mnths JR in obs and gynae
or
RMP with experience
of 25 cases
125
qualification required for termination upto 20 wks
RMP + degree/ diploma in obs and gynae
126
who will give consent in MTP if a women is married
womens
127
who will give consent for MTP if a women is unmarried and above 18 yrs
women only
128
who will give consent if women is below 18 yrs for mtp
written consent of her guardian
129
who will give consent for mtp if women is mentally unstable
her guardian
130
why women feign pregnancy
to avoid capital punishment for eg sec 416 women sentenced to death is found to be pregnant
131
wht is superfecundation
fertilisation of 2 different ova released in 1 cycle
| one c 1 cycle
132
wht is sec 312
it does not permit any person to miscarry including pregnant women with consent
133
sec 313 IPC
miscarriage against the consent of pregnant woman is cognisable ,non bailable ,non conpoundable
134
sec 314 IPC
death of women caused by
| act done with intent to cause miscarriage
135
sec 315 IPC
act done with intent to prevent child being born alive or to cause it to die after birth
136
wht is 316 IPC
causing death of quick unborn by act amounting to culpable homicide
137
opinion in a male with normal genitalia about potency is worded as
there is nothing to suggest that the person is not capable of sexual intercourse
138
who is quoad
quoad is any person who is impotent only for particular women
139
a female can become sterile due to occupational
| exposure of
lead
140
in fimbriate hymen notches are located
located anteriorly
141
tears in hymen from sexual act are mostly at
5 oclock position
142
pressence of carunculae myrtifores
| indicate
previous childbirth
143
premature expulsion of products of cconception before full term is
abortion not miscarriage
144
abortions are common during
1 st trimester
145
commonly used substances for criminal abortion are
ergot
146
cause of abortion in cupping is
placental separation
147
feminine of impotene is
frigidity
148
most striking symptoms of pregnancy is
cessation of menstruation
149
wht of normal uterus is
45-60 gm
150
most imp cause of temporary impotence is
fear
151
legally abortion is termination of pregnancy before
full term
152
hydrostatic test is not necessary for
5M's
foetus is nonviable (lack of maturity)
fetus is dead born ( Maceration and Mummification )
fetus has genetic deformity
uMblical cord is separated and scar is formed
153
give few signs of live birth
umbilical artery obliterates in 3 days
umbilical vein obliterates in 4 days
umbilical cord falls off in 5-6 days
A3,V4,C5,6
154
which part of skull is more prominent in females
all prominence are more prominent in males except frontal and parietal eminence which r more in females
155
difference bw angle of body and ramus in males and females
less obtuse ;prominent;everted in males but
more obtuse
not prominent and inverted in females
156
difference of subpubic angle of males and females
in males it is V shaped and in females it is U shaped
157
what is washburn index
ischiopubic index =pubic length in mm/ischial length in mm×100
158
wash burn index is more in
females
159
give indices to differentiate sex from bones
* sternal index
* ischiopubic index or washburn index
* sciatic notch index
* sacral index
* coporobasal index
160
which is the only index used for sex determination which is more in males
corporobasal index of sacram
161
best bone for sex determination
pelvis
162
accuracy of determining sex from all 206 bones is
100%
163
chelotic line is used in determination of
sex
164
which part of chelotic line is more prominent in males
sacral part
165
which part of chelotic line is more prominent in females
pelvic part
166
shape of sciatic notch in females
L shaped
167
shape of greater sciatic notch in males
J shaped
168
preauricular sulcus is a ___sexual characteristic
tertiary
169
ashleys rule is
sex diffrentiation using sternum
170
medullary index
diameter of medulla/diameter of whole bone ×100 used for long bones
most reliable radius>ulna>tibia>humerus
171
indices to for determining race
* Brachial index
* crural index
* intramembral index
* intermembral index
* cephalic index
172
wht is dolicocephalic
long headed CI 70 to 75
| seen in aryans and negros
173
mesaticephalic
medium headed
CI 75to 80
seen in Indians
174
brachycephalic
short headed
CI 80 to 85
seen in Mongolian
175
AP diameter of skull is max in
dolicocephalic
176
AP diameter of skull is minimal in
brachycephalic
177
most diagnostic features of negroid skull
guttered nasal sill
178
fusion of xiphoid occurs atc
40 yrs
179
at which age manubrium fuses with body of sternum
in old age
180
fusion of parts of body of sternum
4 pieces of body of sternum fuse from below upwards bw 14 and 25 yrs
181
first carpal bone to ossify
capitate
