Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC1027 > Forensic Psychology > Flashcards

Forensic Psychology Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What did the 2017 ABS report were the 3 most common crimes?

A

Burglary, sexual assault and murder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What was the financial cost of crime in 2008?

A

36 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four interrelated levels of Crime Theory?

A

Social/macro
Community/local
Group/socialisation
Individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four theories relating to individual crime theory?

A

Biological: 41% of genes influence behaviour
Functionary: role of selective pressure and adaptation
Learning: people learn to offence (operant and classic conditioning)
Psychodynamic: how the person interacts in their social context. Links with control theory; a personal needs attachment, commitment, involvement and belief in the law.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the levels of the State/Territory Courts?

A

Local/Magistrate’s court
District/County court
Supreme court
High Court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the levels of the Commonwealth Courts

A

Federal Magistrate’s Court
Federal Court and Family Court
High Court

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the financial damages limit for a case to be heard in a Lower Court?

A

Less than $100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an indictable offence?

A

More significant offences tried by a judge/jury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a summary offence?

A

Dealt with at a local level, tried by a magistrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If less than 8 people favour conviction, what is the likely ruling?

A

Not guilty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If more than 10 people favour conviction, what is the Kelly ruling?

A

Guilty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

On what percent of cases will a judge have the same ruling as the jury?

A

78%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In 2007, what was the percentage of offenders with mental illnesses, and how does with compare with the general population

A

80% of offenders, 30% of general population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How over-represented are psychosis/depression and personality disorders in the criminal justice system

A

Psychosis and depression -2-4x

Personality disorders - 10x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How much more likely are offenders with a mental health disorder and drug abuse to reoffend within two years?

A

65%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

When can a defence of insanity be used?

A

When the offender was not mentally well at the time of the offence. According to he McNaughten rule, they must not have been aware of the nature of their act, nor that it was wrong.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the history of the Mc Naughten rule?

A

McNaughten failed to assassinate Robert Peel in 1843. He used 750,000 pounds to hire barristers who argued that he was mentally unwell. He was acquitted and became a forensic patient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When can Fitness to Stand trial e considered

A

If the offender is not mentally well at the time of the trial. If the accused is found unwell and cannot recover in 12 months, case is transferred to the Mental Health Review Tribunal. Guilty patients are hospitalised.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the Local Court Provision do?

A

Section 32 allows Magistrates to balance the need for punishment with the need for treatment. They can transfer a case to hospitalisation. This reduces the ‘revolving door’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When can diminished responsibility be used?

A

In murder trials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did Wexler and Winnick notice about the impacts of the legal system?

A

That they had unintended negative consequences by damaging the mental wellbeing of offenders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In what cases do Drug Courts reduce recidivism?

A

When the offenders are medium-low risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the four main reasons that Eyewitness Evidence may be wrong?

A
  1. People lie
  2. People get it wrong
  3. Eyewitness accounts are compelling
  4. Eyewitness errors are linked to erroneous convictions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What did the Innocence Report report as the four major causes of wrongful conviction?

A

Eyewitness misidentification
Invalid forensics
False confessions
Informants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the three factors are influence eyewitness misidentification?
Estimator variables System variables Post-diction variables
26
What are examples of estimator variables?
What can't be controlled at the scene of the crime; presence of a gun, exposure duration, lighting, retention interval, intoxication
27
What are examples of system variables?
Things about the identification process that affect accuracy; interviewer presenting leading questions, identification strategy
28
What are examples of post-diction variables?
Factors that lead you to infer eyewitness accuracy; confidence, response latency, self-reported decision processes
29
What is the aim of pattern matching?
To link a piece of trace evidence to the unique source in order to prove identity
30
What % of exonerated cases were due to improper forensics?
45%
31
Define: jury nullification
Jury decides not to convict someone even when the evidence incriminates them. Enables the values of society to influence legal proceedings.
32
What are three case characteristics that influence jury decisions?
Pre-trial publicity: convict up to 45% more Confessions Expert evidence: whilst influential, may be inaccessible to layperson
33
What are three participant characteristics that influence our decisions?
Attractiveness of offenders Hindsight bias Just World Hypothesis
34
What are the two styles of deliberation?
Verdict or evidence driven
35
What is a risky shift?
initial polling causes people to 'commit' to a side and are therefore less likely to change their decision
36
What are some considerations made by judges when giving sentences?
Circumstances of offence, degree of criminality, injuries, mitigating factors, offenders dependants.
37
What are the three basis of risk?
Static and dynamic factors Harms: ability to produce a lethal risk Likelihood: how often it occurs
38
What are three factors of contemporary risk assessments?
Empirically derived risk factors Clinician adjusts risk factors Actuarial judgements are best
39
What are the limitations of risk assessment experiments
Sample representativeness, impure data, criterion definition and measurement
40
What are the two different types of stimuli in relation to reinforcement?
Primary: stimuli essential for life Secondary: stimuli that is rewarding because it is associated with primary reinforcers.
41
What is the most effective schedule of reinforcement?
Variable
42
What are the two factors affecting punishment?
Contingency: the degree to which the punishment is certain to follow the behaviour Contiguity: closeness of space and time - the longer b/w behaviour and punishment, the less effective.
43
What is Baron's principle of punishment?
Short time interval, relatively strong, consistency and predictability, not aggressive
44
What are two examples of sentencing alternatives that are only used for high risk offenders?
CDO (Continuing Detention Order): keeps offender in prison after sentence ESO (Extended Supervision Order): offender supervised in community
45
What are three reasons that prisons may not be effective
Perceived risk of bring caught Sentences can occur long after offence Offending behaviour may not be under control, so prison is not a deterrent.
46
What is the function of ethical codes?
To help establish a profession, act as a support and guide, meet responsibilities of being in profession, provide statements for moral principles.
47
What are the main ethical principles?
Respect for dignity and rights of clients (confidentiality) Propriety: working only within areas of competence Integrity: recognise that psychologists are role models.
48
What is the purpose of ethical guidelines?
To advise on 'best practices'; they are used to clarify ethical dilemmas
49
What are the 6 steps in the assessment process?
``` Identify referral question Review existing information Interview Client Standardised testing Scoring Contact collateral sources Write report ```
50
What is the 4P method in reviewing existing information?
Predisposing: historical factors Precipitating: factors that trigger index offence Perpetrating: factors that keep someone in a frame of mind Protective: factors that prevent someone from offending.
51
What does FIDI stand for and when is it used?
Used to determine the severity of mental illness and drug abuse: Frequency, intensity, duration, interval
52
What is the 5P method and when is it used?
``` Used in therapy: Problem Predisposing Precipitating Perpetuating Protective ```
53
What are some barriers to intervention?
Literacy, motivation/compliance/insight. language, culture, resources, brain injury, cognitive limitations
54
Describe the 'Stages of Change' model
People move forwards and backwards Precontemplation: denial, doesn't see need for change Contemplation: external trigger causing someone to identify need Preparation: realise they have a problem and think about solution Action (trial and error) Maintenance.
55
In what stages of the 'Stages of Change' model is motivational interviewing used?
Precontemplation
56
What is the ABCDE model used in CBT?
``` Antecedent belief Belief Consequence Disputation techniques Evaluation ```
57
What is disputation?
Cognitive thinking skills
58
What are the three problems with desistance?
Financial Social Dislocation Family Dislocation
59
Describe the three approaches to recurrent offending
Risk Needs Responsivity: risk of offending using actuarial data Good Lives Model: personal motivation to achieve goals Therapeutic Jurisprudence: developed by two judges. Incorporates treatment into court process
60
What is the two ways that desistance is used?
Outcome: no longer reoffending; primary (any attempt tp stop) or secondary (point at which offending no longer occurs) Approach: thinking about process of preventing offending.
61
What are the three explanations of desistance?
Ontogenic: whatever happens is the direct result of our genes Sociogenic: life events influence offending Narrative: people have the capacity to reinvent themselves
62
What are the common characteristics of self-narratives of offenders?
Contaminated origins, delinquent quest, outlaw, crash, redemption in reform, generality script, streetwise child saver.
63
What are the three types of self-narratives that we present depending on the listener?
Reform, stability, elastic

PSYC1027 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions