Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Veterinary Diagnostics > Forensics > Flashcards

Forensics Flashcards

1
Q

___________ is the application of vet med to answer questions of the interest to a court of law.

A

veterinary forensics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 4 reasons support why vets get involved in forensics cases?

A
  1. we took an oath to protect animal health and welfare
  2. AVMA policy to report
  3. reporting is manditory in some states
  4. there is a link between human abuse/violence and animal cruelty (you could be catching the next serial killer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

________ is documentation fo every person who comes in contact with evidence.

A

chain of custody

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

_________ includes item numbers and descriptions to help keep organized information about evidence.

A

evidence log

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 things should be included in your medical record documentation?

A
  1. diagnostics (BW, xrays, etc.)
  2. treatments (meds, sx, sup care)
  3. conversations (you and client, you and officer)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what photographic views should you get in forensics cases?

A
  1. cranial
  2. caudal
  3. right and left lateral
  4. ventral
  5. dorsal

Take them 1. at a distance, 2. close up, and 3. close up with a ruler

Try to get them PRIOR to treatment if possible and take PROGRESS pictures.
Keep a photo log with descriptions of each picture.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

During testimony, what statements should you AVOID saying?

A

“I believe”
“I guess”
“I think”
“suggestive of”
“_____ was the weapon used”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

___________ is the biochemical or physiologial abnormality that resulted in death.

A

mechanism of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

__________ is the injury or disease the began sequence of events that LED to death.

A

cause of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

_________ is the circumstances surrounding the death (non-accidental, accidental, natural, etc.)

A

manner of death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___________ is any condition the animal has that could have contributed to death or injury.

A

contributory case

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

__________ is a formal protest raised in court during trial to disallow a witness’s statement

A

objection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

________ is a judge agreeing to the objection and disallowing the question, testimony, or evidence.

A

sustained

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

__________ is a judge disagreeing with the objection and allowing the question, testimony, or evidence.

A

overruled.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What 4 things should be included in PHYSICAL evidence?

A
  1. environment – food, water, housing, medications, feces/urine, tethers, blood, vomit, carcasses
  2. the animal – BCS, behavior, wounds
  3. trace – hair, fibers, gunshot residue, fire debris, and accelerants
  4. entomology – maggots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

why should you NOT put DNA samples into plastic bags for collection?

A

plastic deteriorates DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is involved in the ‘external exam’ of an animal in a forensics case?

A
  1. estimate age
  2. scan for microschip or ID identifying marks
  3. full PE
  4. nails/hooves
  5. fur/skin
  6. presence or absence of injuries
  7. suspected sexual abuse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

why are wound diagrams a great tool to use?

A

most of the time, actual photos will be denied. Wound diagrams can show location, extent, and type of wounds without actual photos.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are common diagnostics run on animals in forensics cases?

A
  1. radiographs
  2. fecal eval
  3. bloodwork
  4. toxicology
  5. DNA if applicable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

___________ is a form of animal abuse characterized by deprivation of any one of the 5 freedoms.

A

Neglect

5 freedoms are: free to express normal patterns of behavior, freedom from hunger/thirst, freedom from discomfort through shelter, freedom from fear, freedom from pain, injury, or disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

In cases of starvation, what 5 things should you document upon your initial examination?

A
  1. weight
  2. BCS
  3. looseness of collar
  4. appetite
  5. dehydration status
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F: estimating a timeline for starvation cases is difficult

A

true
as a general rule though, it takes about 1 month to lose 1-2 BCS scores.
If you are doing a postmortem eval, you can also look at serous atrophy of fat and bone marrow fat analysis (bc bone marrow is the last place fat is lost from).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What information can you deduct from a post-mortem exam in which the patient had loss of fat in bone marrow?

A

starvation has been going on for a LONG TIME.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are typical necropsy findings in starvation cases?

A

pressure sores +/- ulceration
muscle atrophy
very low BCS
serous atrophy of fat (heart, liver, etc.)
may see FBs from where they were so hungry that they were willing to eat anything available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Which of the following is FALSE about hoarding situations?
A. they deny being unable to provide minimum care to a atypical # of animals
B. some pose as resuce groups/shelters
C. you must note live vs dead animals, presence of food/water/shelter, sanitation, presence of meds
D. hoarding is a result of lack of knowledge for how to care for animals

A

D. hoarding is a result of lack of knowledge for how to care for animals

not usually … hoarding is a result of psychological issues (depression, attachment disorders, others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is hyperthermia in dogs?

A

> 106 F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are predisposing factors to hyperthermia in dogs?

A
  1. high humidity
  2. obesity
  3. brachycephalic
  4. lack of acclimation
  5. dehydration
  6. previous heatstroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is hyperthermia in cats?

A

> 103 F
they will be open mouth breathing, panting through nose, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

T/F: you cannot PROVE hyperthermia in most cases.

A

true there is no microscopic evidence that is specific to hyperthermia. There are non-specific signs like coagulation of muscle proteins, increased autolysis, DIC/hemorrhage, gastric ulceration, and cerebral edema.
unless you got the body temperature before death or recovery, hyperthermia is impossible to prove.

30
Q

What is a great way to determine post-mortem bullet identification?

A

metal detection

31
Q

T/F: the entrance wound of a bullet hole is larger than the exit

A

false – entrance is SMALLER than the exit wound

32
Q

What are 2 possible findings associated with bullet wounds?

A
  1. vacuum effect (fur drags into wound)
  2. abrasion ring
33
Q

what are 4 possible findings associated with close-range entrance wounds for bullets?

A
  1. cherry red muscles
  2. muzzle stamp
  3. stippling
  4. soot
34
Q

Which of the following states is FALSE about richochet bullet wounds?
A. they have a circular entrance
B. they have wide abrasion rings
C. they are large and irregular
D. they are not usually through and through due to loss of velocity

A

A. they have a circular entrance

they have a varibale shape and are not usually circular at the entrance due to the tumbling nature

35
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE about gunshot EXIT wounds?
A. are smaller than entrance
B. have everted margins
C. appearance is unaffected by tumbling, flattening, and fragmentation of the bullet
D. have large abrasion ring
E. usually have GSR

A

B. have everted margins

they are larger than entrance wounds and more irregular. The appearance IS affected by tumbling, flattening, and fragmentation of the bullet. Abrasion rings and GSR typically are associated with entry wounds and are absent with the exit wounds

36
Q

why is trajectory so important to determine in cases of gunshot wounds?

A

to understand from which direction the gunshot came from can really help determine the source of the shooting.

37
Q

What are the 3 types of sharp force injuries?

A
  1. stab wounds
  2. incised wounds
  3. chop wounds
38
Q

In stab wounds, which is greater – depth or length?

A

depth

39
Q

in incised wounds, which is greater width or length?

A

length

40
Q

what is a chop wound?

A

a combo of blunt and sharp force trauma

these wounds are typically created by heavy instruments with cutting edges (axes, hatchets, meat cleavers, etc.)

41
Q

When describing weapons and the associated injuries in court, what phrase should you use?

A

“this wound is consistent with this type of weapon”

refrain from saying this wound is from this type of weapon

42
Q

what is the most common weapon for stab injuries?

A

single-edged knife
which you can identify by seeing a blunted side and V-sharped margin in the wound.

43
Q

what would wound margins look like if the person used a double edged weapon?

A

2 “v” shaped margins

44
Q

If a person does a partial withdrawal during a stabbing and then stabs again, what pattern appears?

A

fish tail

45
Q

how can you tell when a person stabbing an animal inserted the knife all the way?

A

you will see the squared end in the wound indicative of where the blade meets the knife handle

46
Q

what 3 factors affect blunt force trauma injuries?

A
  1. amount of force
  2. type of object (force dissipated over larger area –> less injury – throw against wall vs hit with baseball bat)
  3. body region/tissue affected (thorax vs bone)
47
Q

what are 5 types of blunt force injuries?

A
  1. bruises
  2. abrasions
  3. lacerations – tissue bridging, irregular borders
  4. avulsion/degloving injuries
  5. fractures

others: broken teeth, eye lesions, frayed nails

48
Q

what are the 4 types of fractures you may see?

A
  1. transverse
  2. spiral
  3. oblique
  4. greenstick
49
Q

With regard to callus formation, how many weeks post-injury do the following types of calluses take to form:
A. cartilaginous
B. boney

A

A. cartilaginous – 2-3 weeks
B. boney – 4-6 weeks

50
Q

how long does it take for pulmonary contusions to appear?

A

48 hrs

51
Q

Hemorrhage or bruising is not always apparent externally. What should you do to better visualize?

A

Reflect skin

52
Q

What 4 microscopic features can help you determine the AGE of an injury?

A
  1. inflammatory cells – 3 hr
  2. hemosiderin – 3-6d
  3. granulation tissue – 3-6d
  4. scar formation/fibrosis – weeks
53
Q

Motor vehicle accident injuries depend on what 3 factors:

A
  1. where the animal is hit
  2. speed of vehicle
  3. secondary impact
54
Q

what internal injury is MOST commonly seen in motor vehicle accidents?

A

liver trauma

but pulmonary contusions also common too.

55
Q

which fracture is MOST common in motor vehicle accidents?

A

pelvic fractures

56
Q

T/F: rib fractures are common resulting from motor vehicle injury

A

false – uncommon

57
Q

what are the 4 forms of asphyxiation?

A
  1. suffocation
  2. strangulation
  3. mechanical (postural, traumatic)
  4. drowning
58
Q

why is asphyxiation hard to prove as a cause of death?

A

the common findings associated with this cause of death are non-specific. Such as petechial hemorrahges, visceral congestion, increased fluidity of blood, hypoxia, injuries associated with struggling.

59
Q

What is the TRUE cause of death in asphyxiation cases?

A

cerebral hypoxia– compression of the arteries supplying the brain
takes longer to occur in animals than in humans

60
Q

what are some GROSS findings associated with asphyxiation in animals?

A
  1. ligature marks
  2. petechial hemorrhages
  3. congestion of facial tissues
  4. cervical dislocations/fractures
  5. hyoid fractures (if hung)
  6. focal hemorrhages
61
Q

how long does it take an animal to lose consiousness vs die during drowning?

A

lose conscious in 2-3 min
die within 5-10 min

62
Q

T/F: there are NO pathognomonic findings for drownings

A

true – diagnosis is often made based on history
lungs are usually normal

63
Q

why is it important to start post-mortem exam ASAP in drowning cases?

A

as soon as you remove the body from the water, the decomposition accelarates.

64
Q

what is the cause of death in fire-related cases?

A

inhalation of smoke / smoke toxicity

65
Q

what are common findings in fire-related deaths?

A
  1. smoke smell
  2. external, oral cavity, or airway burns
  3. soot
  4. mucosal erythema, ulceration, and hemorrhage
  5. cherry red skin or MM
  6. tissues become bright red in formalin
66
Q

how can you tell the difference between splash/spray burns versus immersion burns?

A

splash/spray – most severe burn at initial contact site, then fluid cools as it flows down body

immersion – sharp demarcation between affected and non-affected areas.

67
Q

T/F: there is no single toxicology screen, you must base your testing on symptoms

A

true

68
Q

Anticoagulants are common toxins that affect Vitamin K dependent clotting factors. What findings would you expect in this type of toxicology case?

A
  1. hemorrhages
  2. liver neccrosis
  3. possible bait in stomach
  4. if alive, PT prolonged (d/t VII)
69
Q

Ethylene glycol is a common toxin for outdoor cats due to its sweet taste. What clinical signs are associated with this toxin?

A
  1. Neuro signs – CNS depression (at first), PU/PD, calcium oxalate crystals develop
  2. cardioulmonary toxicity – increased RR and HR
  3. renal toxicity and failure (later on)
70
Q

What is so characteristic/different about dog fighting injuries?

A

injuries appear on head/thoracic limbs/front of body as opposed to from behind.

they also usually have multiple injuries that are in different stages of healing

71
Q

what are important things to examine in dog fight cases?

A
  1. teeth wearing
  2. drug testing
  3. signs of neglect
  4. xrays
  5. cheek swabs (CODIS)
  6. babesia gibsoni testing

Veterinary Diagnostics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions