Forensics

Question 1

Biological Explaination
Twin studies

Answer 1

Christiansen: 3,500 twins
35% MZ
13% DZ
Raine - 13 studies
52% MZ
21% DZ

Question 2

Genetic Explanation - Adoption Studies

Answer 2

Meta analysis - 51 studies antisocial behaviour
Non shared environmental influences: 43%
Shared: 16%

Question 3

Psychological effects of custodial sentencing
Prisonisation

Answer 3

Thomas + Peterson: Negative effects of socialisation in prison

Amble: 7 year longitudinal study
Found: emotional deprivations were experienced more than physical

Question 4

Psychological effects of custodial sentencing
Mental illness in prison

Answer 4

Dudeck:
14% high levels of PTSD
50% needed psychological treatment
1/3 considered suicide
- Stanford Prison Experiment

Question 5

Psychological effects of custodial sentencing
Institutionalisation

Answer 5

Thomas + Foster
Prisoners who had spent long periods in custody found it very difficult to adjust to life on the outside.
Becker - Labelling theory
Have to adjust into society to deal with stigmatising labels upon release
Example: Chad Evans - couldn’t get career

Question 6

Psychological effects of custodial sentencing
Impact of parental imprisonment

Answer 6

Cambridge study in delinquent development – longitudinal

411 working class males
8-50
Boys who had parent imprisoned more likely to become offenders themselves

Question 7

Psychological effects of custodial sentencing
AO3

Answer 7

+ Custondial sentencing- Sanford Prison Study
+ Suicide rates - last 20 years - 15x suicide rates
- Individual differences