forensics

Question 1

Origin of Parvo virus

Answer 1

• Incubation period: 2-4 days
• 3 days: if disease + death
• 4 days: typical pathological lesions + regenerating enterocytes
• 5 days: disease within 2 days, death in spite of treatment

Question 2

Significance of Parvo virus.

Answer 2

• In case of death

* Treatment costs (justified expenses)

Question 3

Problems with Parvo vaccination.

Answer 3

Vaccination problems:
• dogs: placenta endotheliochorialis
• maternal immunity: 90%: colostral, 10%:diaplacental
• antibodies persist for 8-16 weeks in puppies of vaccinated bitches
• above 1:128 titre: puppies can not be vaccinated effectively
• half life: 9.7 days

Question 4

Diagnosis of distemper.

Answer 4

• Clinical signs (respiratory tract, mucous membranes, neurological system, skin)
• Pathology, histopathology, antibodies, virus antigen

Question 5

Significance of Canine Distemper

Answer 5

• Always if death
• Loss of olfactory acuity or hard pad disease: working dogs
• Neurological signs: euthanasia

Question 6

Significance of cryptorchidism.

Answer 6

• Breeding animal: exclusion from breeding

* Non-breeding animal: neoplastic malformation

Question 7

Significance of hip dysplasia.

Answer 7

• X-ray (for diagnosis): age!
• Breeding or working animal: all stages
• Non-breeding animal: if clinical manifestation

Question 8

Diagnosis of Bovine Tuberculosis.

Answer 8

• Veterinary institute: bacteriology, histopathology
• Disease: clinical sings, postmortem lesions (pathology, meat inspection), isolation of M. bovis (months!), positive intradermal tuberculin tests
• Suspected of being diseased: positive intradermal tuberculin test

Question 9

Significance of Bovine Tuberculosis (And Brucellosis)

Answer 9

• State veterinary measures: compulsory eradication prohibition of treatment or vaccination
• Diseased or infected: slaughter
• Suspected of being infected: official surveillance, movement restrictions
• Free status: legal characteristic
• Herd of origin: significant for the whole herd (suspension of free status)

Question 10

Origin of Bovine Brucellosis.

Answer 10

• Thomsen-rule: the later in pregnancy the animal is infected, the sooner it aborts
• Minimum 3 weeks
• Positive serology: late pregnancy: 8 days
• < 7th month of pregnancy: 3 weeks
• Epizootic inquiry
• Minimum 30 day-quarantine: examination on the first week and before release from isolation

Question 11

Diagnosis of Brucellosis.

Answer 11

• Veterinary institute: bacteriology + 2x serology
• Sample: aborted foetus, placenta , blood
• Seropositivity: Brucella abortus (B. melitensis, B. suis)
• Disease: clinical signs (abortion, premature calving, retention of placenta), isolation of brucellas

Question 12

Origin of Swine Erysipelas

Answer 12

• Minimum incubation period: 24 hours
• If >7 days it cannot be originated back before delivery
• 1-7 days: examination of predisposing factors (overcrowding, transport, etc.)
• Endocarditis: minimum 3 weeks

Question 13

Significance Swine Erysipelas

Answer 13

• Acute case: if death

* Chronic case: arthritis, skin necrosis or endocarditis

Question 14

Diagnosis of SMEDI.

Answer 14

Usually in young gilts (maternal immunity until 8-9 months of age Clinical signs, laboratory examinations: 
• Absorption of fetuses
• Mummification
• Less than 6 piglets
• Stillbirth
• Apparent infertility

Question 15

Significance of SMEDI

Answer 15

Abortion or decreased litter size

Question 16

Significance of Avian Leukosis

Answer 16

• Sporadic deaths
• Breeding flock: germinative infection
• Always significant (even 1 case)
• Immuno-tolerance: life-long virus shed
• Table egg production: if death rate is over 2%

Question 17

Origin of Derzy’s disease

Answer 17

• High rate of death: germinative infection or infection at the hatchery
• Incubation period: 8-12 days
• Serum on the first day at the hatchery
• Isolation of the day-old chickens
• Vaccination of breeding flocks

Question 18

Diagnosis of Mushy chicken disease

Answer 18

• Clinical signs: weak, low body weight (minus variants)
• Pathological findings: triad: yolk sac persistence, omphalitis, improper closing of the navel
• Mortality: 1-10 days
• Laboratory examinations: excluding other infectious and non-infectious diseases

Question 19

Origin of Fowl Typhoid

Answer 19

• Death during the first 5 days could be originated back to the hatchery
• To the breeding flock: if the hatchery complied with the rules (marking the eggs, separate hatching)
• Tests: blood tests, examination of dead eggs
• Deaths after 5 days of age: epidemic investigation (isolation etc.)

Question 20

Significance of Fowl Typhoid

Answer 20

• Infection: significant in breeding flocks
• Disease: broiler chickens: death rate (2%)
• Breeding flocks: germinative infection (even 1 case could be significant)

Question 21

Origin of Fowl Cholera

Answer 21

• Virulent P. multocida (carrier) and predisposing factors
• Clinical signs within 24 hours: could be originated back before the time of delivery
• After 24 hours: was there any fowl cholera outbreak at the seller during the previous 1 year (carrier state)?
• Has he informed the buyer about the previous outbreak?
• Other source of infection at the buyer (isolation, all in-all out system?)
• Predisposing factors (transport, force-feeding etc.)

Question 22

Significance of Fowl Cholera

Answer 22

Depending on rate of death eggshell contamination, but there is no germinative transmission

Question 23

Origin of Marek’s Disease

Answer 23

• Age of susceptibility (10 weeks of age)
• Routes of infection: eggshell, day-old chickens, adult poultry, equipment, persons)
• Incubation period (1-7 months)
• The younger is the chicken the higher is the susceptibility
• High rate of diseased animals: if infection during the first days of life
• Infection at the hatchery: if isolation until the age of 6-8 weeks

Question 24

Significance of Marek’s Disease

Answer 24

• Depending on death rate (2%)

* No germinative infection

Question 25

Fertility of eggs

Answer 25

* Sex-rate * Age * Temperature * Length and intensity of lighting * Infectious and non-infectious diseases * Feed-toxicosis

Question 26

Hatchability of the egg

Answer 26

* Age of the egg * Temperature and humidity during storing, Contamination * Transport, Rest after transport * Vitamin supply * Hatching technology

Question 27

Significance of teeth problems in Equine

Answer 27

* Alter efficient dental function * Could not be treated * Risky, expensive intervention or * Removal of tooth: surgery * Consequent GI disease

Question 28

Origin in Iridocyclochorioditis in Equine

Answer 28

* Chronic: 30 days | * Acute: 2 days of a primary disease (allergy: 7-8 days) + chronic changes

Question 29

Significance of Iridocyclochroditis

Answer 29

Blindness or impaired vision: visual acuity: legal characteristic

Question 30

Origin of Equine Behavioral Disorders

Answer 30

* History (witness testimonies) * Physical examination * Hypertrophied muscles, deformed hooves, worn teeth, scars * Repeated observation

Question 31

Significance of Equine Behavioral Disorders

Answer 31

Affect purpose of use: • Health damage • Dangerous to the environment • Improvement is not possible or difficult and requires long time

Question 32

Origin of primary gastrointestinal disease

Answer 32

• “Feeding accident” (e.g. as in gastric dilatation and rupture) • Buyer: contributory negligence • First signs: within 24 hours • Caecal impaction: 1-2 weeks • 4 weeks: - weight of free caecum: (empty weight > 4.5 kg, dry content > 20 kg, - thickness of caecum head wall muscular layer > 2 mm

Question 33

Significance of Equine gastrointestinal problems

Answer 33

* Death | * High veterinary costs

Question 34

Origin of SMEDI

Answer 34

• Infection: around insemination or before 70th day of pregnancy • Virus in the fetus: 23-32 days • Death of the fetus: +5-70 days • Size of the fetus of 41 days of age: 47mm, and of 70 days of age: 108mm