Forensics Unit 2 Test

Question 1

On the surface of the red blood cells are chemical substances called _____. It is these substance that impart blood-type characteristics to the cells

Answer 1

antigens

Question 2

Type A
Antigens:
Antibodies:

Answer 2

Antigens: A Antigen
Antibodies: Anti-B

Question 3

An antibody will react with (any or only a specific) antigen

Answer 3

Only a specific

Question 4

What is agglutination?

Answer 4

The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody

Question 5

Type B
Antigens:
Antibodies:

Answer 5

Antigens: B Antigen
Antibodies: Anti-A

Question 6

What is serology?

Answer 6

The study of antigen-antibody reactions

Question 7

How can the identity of fingerprint’s be determined?

Answer 7

A point by point comparison of fingerprint’s minutiae

Question 8

Do fingerprints change during a persons lifetime?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

What are the three general patterns into which fingerprints are divided?

Answer 9

Whorls, Loops and Arches

Question 10

What loop pattern opens toward the thumb?

Answer 10

Radial Loop

Question 11

What loop pattern opens toward the pinky?

Answer 11

Ulnar Loop

Question 12

What is the center of a loop pattern known as?

Answer 12

Core

Question 13

What does AFIS stand for? What is it?

Answer 13

Automated Fingerprint Identification System. A computerized print search system that can match prints by comparison of the position of bifurcation’s and ridge endings

Question 14

What is a visible fingerprint?

Answer 14

A fingerprint left by a person with a soiled or stained fingertip

Question 15

What are plastic fingerprints?

Answer 15

Impressions left on a soft material.

Question 16

What are latent fingerprints?

Answer 16

Fingerprint impressions that are not readily visible

Question 17

What is powdering for?

Answer 17

Developing fingerprints on hard and nonabsorbent surfaces

Question 18

What kind of treatments are best for fingerprints on porous surfaces?

Answer 18

Chemical treatments

Question 19

How does iodine vaporization work?

Answer 19

These vapors will chemically combine with fatty oils or residual water to visualize a fingerprint

Question 20

What does ninhydrin do?

Answer 20

Visualizes fingerprints by its reaction with amino acids

Question 21

What is super glue fuming for?

Answer 21

Developing latent prints on nonporous surfaces such as metals and plastic

Question 22

How is a fingerprint preserved?

Answer 22

Photography

Question 23

Where are the patterns that make fingerprints in the skin?

Answer 23

Between the dermis and epidermis

Question 24

What makes a fingerprint an individual characteristic?

Answer 24

The identity, number and relative location of minutiae

Question 25

What is a plain whorl?

Answer 25

A whorl with concentric circles

Question 26

What is a central pocket loop?

Answer 26

A loop with a whirl at the end

Question 27

What is a double loop?

Answer 27

2 Loops that create an "S" pattern

Question 28

What is an accidental loop?

Answer 28

A loop with an irregular shape

Question 29

What is the different between a plain and tented arch?

Answer 29

A tented arch is high and narrow

Question 30

When do fingerprints form?

Answer 30

They begin forming around the 10th week of gestation. By roughly the 17th week of pregnancy the fingerprints are formed on the fetus and become permanent

Question 31

What are the three types of fingerprints left?

Answer 31

Latent, Visible and Plastic

Question 32

Type O Antigen: Antibodies:

Answer 32

Antigen: None Antibodies: Both Anti-A and Anti-B

Question 33

What are ways to detect latent prints on non-porous surfaces?

Answer 33

Powdering and Super Glue Fuming

Question 34

What are ways to detect latent prints on porous surfaces?

Answer 34

Iodine Fuming and Ninhydrin

Question 35

Are bite marks individual or class characteristics?

Answer 35

Individual Characteristics

Question 36

How does forensic scientists use bite marks?

Answer 36

To identify victims and associate suspects with a crime using bite-mark analysis

Question 37

How is bite mark analysis done?

Answer 37

Cast or mold is made of mark on victim. Photography and x-rays taken Computer enhanced image made Make mold of suspects teeth Compare teeth of suspect to mark on victim

Question 38

What aspects does dental identification use?

Answer 38

5 visible surfaces on a tooth and root Size and shape; including grooves and spaces between teeth Imperfections, such as crooked, jagged and missing teeth Dental work, including fillings crowns and bridges

Question 39

How is hydrogen peroxide a preliminary field test of if something is blood?

Answer 39

Hydrogen Peroxide bubbles in the presence of hemoglobin which is found in blood

Question 40

How is kastle-meyer a preliminary field test of if something is blood?

Answer 40

The test kit turns pink in the presence of blood

Question 41

How is luminol a preliminary field test of if something is blood?

Answer 41

It is sprayed on surfaces and shined with a black light. It is extremely sensitive and can detect blood diluted up to 10000x

Question 42

How are microcrystalline tests a preliminary field test of if something is blood?

Answer 42

Hemoglobin in blood crystallizes

Question 43

What can blood spatter determine?

Answer 43

The direction of travel by shape Impact angle by distortion of center Origin of spate by finding intersection

Question 44

Why does blood fall in oscillating spherical shapes?

Answer 44

Well formed drops form ellipses

Question 45

In blood spatter analysis, what is a point of convergence?

Answer 45

The point where TWO bloodstain paths intersect

Question 46

In blood spatter analysis, what is area of convergence?

Answer 46

An area (2D, from a top-down view) where multiple stains intersect from opposite sides

Question 47

In blood spatter analysis, what is the area of origin?

Answer 47

A volume (3D) or region where blood was let out

Question 48

Type AB Antigens: Antibodies:

Answer 48

Antigens: A and B antigens Antibodies: None

Question 49

What happens when an antigen and the corresponding antibody are put together?

Answer 49

They clump up

Question 50

What is Rh Factor?

Answer 50

A protein on surface of the red blood cell

Question 51

Which Rh has an antigen?

Answer 51

Rh+, meaning it agglutinates with Anti Rh serum

Question 52

How do you calculate blood splatter angle?

Answer 52

Arc sine of width/length