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Forensics > Forensics Unit 2 Test > Flashcards

Forensics Unit 2 Test Flashcards

1
Q

On the surface of the red blood cells are chemical substances called _____. It is these substance that impart blood-type characteristics to the cells

A

antigens

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2
Q

Type A
Antigens:
Antibodies:

A

Antigens: A Antigen
Antibodies: Anti-B

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3
Q

An antibody will react with (any or only a specific) antigen

A

Only a specific

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4
Q

What is agglutination?

A

The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody

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5
Q

Type B
Antigens:
Antibodies:

A

Antigens: B Antigen
Antibodies: Anti-A

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6
Q

What is serology?

A

The study of antigen-antibody reactions

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7
Q

How can the identity of fingerprintā€™s be determined?

A

A point by point comparison of fingerprintā€™s minutiae

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8
Q

Do fingerprints change during a persons lifetime?

A

No

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9
Q

What are the three general patterns into which fingerprints are divided?

A

Whorls, Loops and Arches

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10
Q

What loop pattern opens toward the thumb?

A

Radial Loop

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11
Q

What loop pattern opens toward the pinky?

A

Ulnar Loop

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12
Q

What is the center of a loop pattern known as?

A

Core

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13
Q

What does AFIS stand for? What is it?

A

Automated Fingerprint Identification System. A computerized print search system that can match prints by comparison of the position of bifurcationā€™s and ridge endings

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14
Q

What is a visible fingerprint?

A

A fingerprint left by a person with a soiled or stained fingertip

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15
Q

What are plastic fingerprints?

A

Impressions left on a soft material.

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16
Q

What are latent fingerprints?

A

Fingerprint impressions that are not readily visible

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17
Q

What is powdering for?

A

Developing fingerprints on hard and nonabsorbent surfaces

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18
Q

What kind of treatments are best for fingerprints on porous surfaces?

A

Chemical treatments

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19
Q

How does iodine vaporization work?

A

These vapors will chemically combine with fatty oils or residual water to visualize a fingerprint

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20
Q

What does ninhydrin do?

A

Visualizes fingerprints by its reaction with amino acids

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21
Q

What is super glue fuming for?

A

Developing latent prints on nonporous surfaces such as metals and plastic

22
Q

How is a fingerprint preserved?

A

Photography

23
Q

Where are the patterns that make fingerprints in the skin?

A

Between the dermis and epidermis

24
Q

What makes a fingerprint an individual characteristic?

A

The identity, number and relative location of minutiae

25
Q

What is a plain whorl?

A

A whorl with concentric circles

26
Q

What is a central pocket loop?

A

A loop with a whirl at the end

27
Q

What is a double loop?

A

2 Loops that create an ā€œSā€ pattern

28
Q

What is an accidental loop?

A

A loop with an irregular shape

29
Q

What is the different between a plain and tented arch?

A

A tented arch is high and narrow

30
Q

When do fingerprints form?

A

They begin forming around the 10th week of gestation. By roughly the 17th week of pregnancy the fingerprints are formed on the fetus and become permanent

31
Q

What are the three types of fingerprints left?

A

Latent, Visible and Plastic

32
Q

Type O
Antigen:
Antibodies:

A

Antigen: None
Antibodies: Both Anti-A and Anti-B

33
Q

What are ways to detect latent prints on non-porous surfaces?

A

Powdering and Super Glue Fuming

34
Q

What are ways to detect latent prints on porous surfaces?

A

Iodine Fuming and Ninhydrin

35
Q

Are bite marks individual or class characteristics?

A

Individual Characteristics

36
Q

How does forensic scientists use bite marks?

A

To identify victims and associate suspects with a crime using bite-mark analysis

37
Q

How is bite mark analysis done?

A

Cast or mold is made of mark on victim.

Photography and x-rays taken

Computer enhanced image made

Make mold of suspects teeth

Compare teeth of suspect to mark on victim

38
Q

What aspects does dental identification use?

A

5 visible surfaces on a tooth and root

Size and shape; including grooves and spaces between teeth

Imperfections, such as crooked, jagged and missing teeth

Dental work, including fillings crowns and bridges

39
Q

How is hydrogen peroxide a preliminary field test of if something is blood?

A

Hydrogen Peroxide bubbles in the presence of hemoglobin which is found in blood

40
Q

How is kastle-meyer a preliminary field test of if something is blood?

A

The test kit turns pink in the presence of blood

41
Q

How is luminol a preliminary field test of if something is blood?

A

It is sprayed on surfaces and shined with a black light. It is extremely sensitive and can detect blood diluted up to 10000x

42
Q

How are microcrystalline tests a preliminary field test of if something is blood?

A

Hemoglobin in blood crystallizes

43
Q

What can blood spatter determine?

A

The direction of travel by shape

Impact angle by distortion of center

Origin of spate by finding intersection

44
Q

Why does blood fall in oscillating spherical shapes?

A

Well formed drops form ellipses

45
Q

In blood spatter analysis, what is a point of convergence?

A

The point where TWO bloodstain paths intersect

46
Q

In blood spatter analysis, what is area of convergence?

A

An area (2D, from a top-down view) where multiple stains intersect from opposite sides

47
Q

In blood spatter analysis, what is the area of origin?

A

A volume (3D) or region where blood was let out

48
Q

Type AB
Antigens:
Antibodies:

A

Antigens: A and B antigens
Antibodies: None

49
Q

What happens when an antigen and the corresponding antibody are put together?

A

They clump up

50
Q

What is Rh Factor?

A

A protein on surface of the red blood cell

51
Q

Which Rh has an antigen?

A

Rh+, meaning it agglutinates with Anti Rh serum

52
Q

How do you calculate blood splatter angle?

A

Arc sine of width/length

Forensics (4 decks)

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