Forest, Forest Management, and Protected Areas.

Question 1

Where are most of Nigeria’s rainforests located in?

Answer 1

The Niger-Delta

Question 2

What are the consequences of the loss of the rainforest?

Answer 2

Loss of biodiversity.
Acceleration of global climate change.
Increased death rates in indigenous people due to introduced diseases and loss of land.

Question 3

What is a forest?

Answer 3

Any ecosystem with a high density of trees.

Question 4

The classification of forests based on predominant tree species is called?

Answer 4

Forest Types.

Question 5

What makes the ecocystems of forests rich for biodiversity?

Answer 5

Structurally complex, with many niches
Provide food and shelter for many species
Soil organisms decompose plants, recycle nutrients

Question 6

What is the forest canopy?

Answer 6

The upper level of leaves and branches in the treetops.

Question 7

The upper level of leaves and branches in the treetops is called?

Answer 7

Forest canopy.

Question 8

What is the sub canopy?

Answer 8

The middle portion of the forest, found beneath the tree crowns of the canopy.

Question 9

The shaded lower level consisting of shrubs and small trees is?

Answer 9

Understory

Question 10

Dead and dying trees that are homes for insects, which in turn provide food sources for birds are ?

Answer 10

Snags

Question 11

What are treefall gaps?

Answer 11

Openings created by fallen trees where sunlight encourages the growth of early successional plants.

Question 12

What ecosystem services do forests provide for us?

Answer 12

Stabilize soil and prevent erosion, recharge aquifers, slow runoff, lessen flooding, purify water in streams and rivers, store carbon, release oxygen, moderate climate

Question 13

What percentage of the world’s medicine comes from forests?

Answer 13

25%

Question 14

What is deforestation

Answer 14

The clearing of forests more quickly than they can regrow.

Question 15

What does deforestation lead to?

Answer 15

Biodiversity loss.
Soil degradation.
Desertification.
Contributes to climate change.

Question 16

What is the natural forest left uncut by people

Answer 16

Primary forest

Question 17

What is secondary forest?

Answer 17

Forest that grown back after primary, old-growth forest has been cut (forest created by natural succession or reforestation)

Question 18

What are trees that sprout after old-growth timber was cut

Answer 18

Second-growth trees.

Question 19

List the causes of deforestation

Answer 19

Agricultural expansion.
Wood harvest.
Roads and urban development.
Economic and political causes.

Question 20

What is resource management?

Answer 20

This describes the overall strategy of management and regulation of the harvest of renewable resources.

Question 21

here managers try to minimize impacts on the ecosystem and its processes, this is called _________

Answer 21

Ecosystem-based management.

Question 22

What does eco-system based management entail?

Answer 22

Protect certain areas of the forest.
Restore ecologically important habitats.
Consider patterns at the landscape level.

Question 23

What is adaptive management?

Answer 23

This involves testing different approaches and trying to improve methods over time.

Question 24

What is rotation time?

Answer 24

This is when stands are cut after a certain number of years and replanted with seedlings.

Question 25

What is clear-cutting?

Answer 25

This is where all the trees are cut at once.

Question 27

The middle portion of the forest, found beneath the tree crowns of the canopy is called?

Answer 27

The sub canopy.

Question 28

What is the understory?

Answer 28

The shaded lower level consisting of shrubs and small trees.

Question 29

What contains the groundcover plants.

Answer 29

The forest floor.

Question 30

What are snags?

Answer 30

These are dead and dying trees that are homes for insects, which in turn provide food sources for birds.

Question 31

What are treefall gaps?

Answer 31

These are openings created by fallen trees where sunlight encourages the growth of early successional plants.

Question 32

What ecosystem services do forests provide for us?

Answer 32

Stabilize soil and prevent erosion, recharge aquifers, slow runoff, lessen flooding, purify water in streams and rivers, store carbon, release oxygen, moderate climate.

Question 33

What percentage of the world ‘s medicine comes from rainforest plants

Answer 33

25%

Question 34

What does deforestation lead to?

Answer 34

biodiversity loss, soil degradation, and desertification, as well as contributing to climate change

Question 35

The clearing of forests more quickly than they can regrow is called what?

Answer 35

Deforestation.

Question 36

What are second-growth trees?

Answer 36

Trees that sprout after old-growth timber was cut

Question 36

The natural forest left uncut by people is called?

Answer 36

Primary forest.

Question 37

What is secondary forest?

Answer 37

Forest that grows back after primary, old-growth forest has been cut (forest created by natural succession or reforestation)

Question 38

What is resource management?

Answer 38

This describes the overall strategy of management and regulating the harvest of renewable resources?

Question 38

What are the causes of deforestation?

Answer 38

Agricultural expansion; Wood harvest; Roads and urban development; Economic and political causes.

Question 39

What is ecosystem-based management?

Answer 39

This is where managers try to minimize impacts on the ecosystem and its processes.

Question 40

What does ecosystem management entail?

Answer 40

Protect certain areas of the forest. Restore ecologically important habitats. Consider patterns at the landscape level.

Question 41

What involves testing different approaches and trying to improve methods over time?

Answer 41

Adaptive management.

Question 42

What is a rotation time?

Answer 42

This is where stands are cut after a certain number of years and replanted with seedlings.

Question 43

What is clear-cutting?

Answer 43

This is where all the trees are cut at once; it increases erosion and alters microclimates due to increased sunlight penetration.

Question 44

What is the seed-tree approach?

Answer 44

This is where some seed-producing trees are left to reseed the harvested area.

Question 45

What is the shelter-wood approach?

Answer 45

This leaves some mature trees behind to shelter growing seedlings.

Question 46

What is the selection system?

Answer 46

This maintains uneven-aged stands by only removing some trees

Question 47

What is the first national park in Nigeria?

Answer 47

Kainji Lake.

Question 47

What percentage of Nigeria’s total land area is covered by forests?

Answer 47

10%

Question 48

What are world heritage sites?

Answer 48

These are sites disgnated by the UN , which have special natural or cultural values and span the borders of multiple countries

Question 48

The United Nations has established protected areas that have exceptional levels of biodiversity and benefit local people called what?

Answer 48

Biosphere reserves.

Question 49

What are edge effects?

Answer 49

This is where the conditions along a fragment’s edge differ from the condition in the interior.

Question 50

What is habitat fragmentation?

Answer 50

This describes the emergence of discontinuities in an organism's preferred environment, causing population fragmentation and ecosystem decay.

Question 51

What are three zones of a biosphere reserve

Answer 51

Core, buffer, and transitional.