Forest History, Policy, and Administration Flashcards
(104 cards)
1
Q
guides a course of action
A
POLICY
2
Q
Set of rules and norms of conduct
Expressions of the will of the supreme power of the State
A
Law
3
Q
Established standard, guide, or regulation
Prescribing or directing
action or forbearance
A
Rule
4
Q
Ensure uniform
application of the law
A
Regulations
5
Q
Set of principles, decisions, and plans that serve to guide
governments in securing transparency and participation in ensuring
proper technical decisions efficiently
A
FOREST POLICY
6
Q
- The exercise of political, economic and administrative authority
towards sustainable forest resources management.
A
FOREST GOVERNANCE
7
Q
Written instrument enacted by direct action of the people by
which the fundamental powers of the government are
established, limited and defined, and by which those powers
are distributed among the several departments for their
safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the body politic.”
(Justice Malcolm)
A
The 1987 Philippine Constitution
8
Q
Contents of a Written Constitution
introduction; why it is enacted and for whom
A
Preamble
9
Q
Contents of a Written Constitution
Division and distribution of the powers and functions of
Government
A
Charter of Government
10
Q
Contents of a Written Constitution
enumerates the rights of the
people
A
Bill of Rights (Charter of Liberty)
11
Q
“The State shall protect and advance the
right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology
in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature
A
ARTICLE II – State Policies
Section 16
12
Q
“The State shall promote comprehensive
rural development and agrarian reform”
A
ARTICLE II – State Policies
Section 21
13
Q
The State recognizes and promotes the rights of indigenous cultural communities within the
framework of national unity and development
A
ARTICLE II – State Policies
Section 22
14
Q
The State shall encourage non
governmental, community-based or sectoral organizations that promote the welfare of the nation
A
ARTICLE II – State Policies
Section 23
15
Q
“The territorial and political subdivisions of the Republic of the Philippines are the provinces,
cities, municipalities, and barangays. There shall be
autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and Cordilleras as hereinafter provided
A
ARTICLE X – Local Government
Section 1
16
Q
Local governments shall be entitled to an equitable share in the proceeds of the utilization and
development of the national wealth within their respective areas, in the manner provided by law,
including sharing the same with the inhabitants by
way of direct benefit
A
ARTICLE X – Local Government
Section 7
17
Q
“The goals of the national economy are a
more equitable distribution of opportunities, income
and wealth; a sustained increase in the amount of
goods and services produced by the nation for the
benefit of the people and an expanding productivity …
A
ARTICLE XII – National Economy and Patrimony
Section 1
18
Q
“All lands of the public domain (waters,
minerals, coal, petroleum, and other mineral oils, all
forces of potential energy, fisheries, forests or timber,
wildlife, fauna and flora, and other natural resources),
are owned by the State. …
A
ARTICLE XII – National Economy and Patrimony
Section 2
19
Q
the government will provide inputs to the
operations other than the natural resources
A
co-production
20
Q
company is
organized by the government and the corporation with both
parties having equity shares.
A
Joint venture
21
Q
“Lands of the public domain are classified
into agricultural, forest or timber, mineral lands,
and national parks. …
A
ARTICLE XII – National Economy and Patrimony
Section 3
22
Q
the government grants exclusive right to explore, develop or utilize the natural resources in consideration
of a share in production
A
Production-sharing
23
Q
“The Congress shall, as soon as possible
determine by law the specific limits of forest lands and
national parks, marking clearly their boundaries on the
ground. …”
A
ARTICLE XII – National Economy and Patrimony
Section 4
24
Q
“The State, subject to the provisions of this Constitution and national development policies
and programs, shall protect the rights of indigenous
cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure
their economic, social and cultural well being”.
A
ARTICLE XII – National Economy and Patrimony
Section 5
25
The State shall apply the principles of agrarian reform or stewardship, whenever applicable
in accordance with law, in the disposition or utilization
of other natural resources, including lands of the
public domain under lease or concession suitable to
agriculture, subject to prior rights, homestead rights
of small settlers, and the rights of indigenous
communities to their ancestral lands
ARTICLE XIII - Social Equity
Section 6
26
“The State shall respect the role of
independent people’s organizations to enable the
people to pursue and protect, within the democratic
framework, their legitimate and collective interests
and aspirations through peaceful and lawful means
ARTICLE XIII – Civil Society
Section 15
27
1863 when by virtue of a Spanish Royal Decree
focused on forest administration - related to the
management of a wide range of natural resources, such as
forest inventory and protection, land classification,
watershed protection, water, biodiversity and mineral
resources conservation
Inspeccion General de Montes
28
Created by spanish government office for minings
Inspeccion General de Minas
29
In 1901,
was created vested with
the powers and authority on matters that included natural
resources. (American Era)
Department of Interior
30
Act No. 2666 “An Act to Reorganize the Executive Department of the
Government of the Philippine Islands” (November 18, 1916)
o abolished the Department of Interior and transferred its functions and
authority to the
> has “direct executive control, direction and supervision of the Bureau
of Agriculture, Bureau of Forestry, Bureau of Lands, Bureau of Science and the Weather Bureau and all matters concerning hunting, fisheries, sponges
and other sea products and such others as may be hereafter assigned to it
by law”.
Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources
(DANR).
31
Presidential Decree No. 461 reorganization of DANR's into 2
departments,
Department of Agriculture (DA)
; Department of Natural Resources (DNR)
32
o With the shift to a parliamentary form of government in 1978, the DNR
became the
Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR).
33
Executive Order No. 786 in 1982
Natural Resources Development Corporation
34
January 30, 1987, Executive Order No. 131
took the powers and functions of the MNR and
o embraced the emerging critical concerns about energy and environment.
o However, EO 131 was never implemented.
Department of
Energy, Environment and Natural Resources (DEENR)
35
June 10, 1987 -Executive Order No. 192 Reorganization of the
DEENR and renamed it as the
Department of Environment and Natural
Resources (DENR)
36
Mandate: to be the primary agency responsible for the
conservation, management, development, and proper use
of the country’s environment and natural resources.
Vision:
“A nation enjoying and sustaining its natural resources
and a clean and healthy environment”
DENR
37
In 1991, Republic Act 7078
General Appropriations Act
38
Current DENR Secretary (2024)
MARIA ANTONIA YULO-LOYZAGA
39
shall primarily perform
policy, program development and advisory functions
Staff Bureau
40
shall directly implement
programs adopted pursuant to department policies and
plans
Line Bureau
41
____ Bureau
a. Forest Management Bureau (FMB)
Staff Bureau
42
_______ Bureau
b. Lands Management Bureau (LMB)
Staff Bureau
43
____ Bureau
c. Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau
(ERDB)
Staff Bureau
44
____ Bureau
d. Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB) (now
Biodiversity Management Bureau
Staff Bureau
45
____ Bureau
The Mines and Geo-sciences Bureau (MGB)
Line Bureau
46
____ Bureau
Environmental Management Bureau (EMB)
Line Bureau
47
Attached agencies to DENR (6)
>Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA)
>National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA)
>National Water Resources Board (NWRB)
>Palawan Council for Sustainable Development (PCSD)
> Philippine Mining Development Corporation (PMDC)
> National Resources Development Corporation (NRDC)
48
- support for the effective protection, development, occupancy management, and conservation of forest lands.
FOREST MANAGEMENT BUREAU
49
-advise the Secretary on matters pertaining to a rational
land classification management and disposition;
- Recommend policies and programs for the efficient and
effective administration, surveys, management and
disposition of alienable and disposable lands of the public
domain and other lands outside the responsibilities of
other government agencies; such as reclaimed areas and
other areas not needed for or are not being utilized for
purposes for which they have been established;
- Land Classification roles
LAND MANAGEMENT BUREAU
50
-advise the Secretary on matters pertaining to geology and mineral
resources exploration, development and conservation;
MINES AND GEO-SCIENCES BUREAU
51
-advise the Secretary on matters relating to environmental management,
conservation, and pollution control;
-Formulate environmental quality standards such as the quality standards for water, air, land, noise and radiations
Environmental Management Bureau
52
- Formulate and recommend an integrated research program
relating to Philippine ecosystems and natural resources such as
minerals, lands, forest, as holistic and interdisciplinary fields of
inquiry;
* Assist the Secretary in determining a systems of priorities for the
allocation of resources to various technological research
programs of the department
ECOSYSTEMS RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT BUREAU (ERDB)
53
* Formulate and recommend policies, guidelines, rules and
regulations for the establishment and management of
an Integrated Protected Areas System such as
national parks, wildlife sanctuaries and refuge, marine
parks, and biospheric reserves;
* Formulate and recommend policies, guidelines, rules and
regulations for the preservation of biological diversity,
genetic resources, the endangered Philippine flora
and fauna
BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT BUREAU
54
central mapping agency which will serve the needs of
the line services of the Department and other
government offices with regard to information and
researches and shall expand its capability in the
production and maintenance of maps, charts and
similar photogrammetry and cartography
materials
NATIONAL MAPPING AND RESOURCE
INFORMATION AUTHORITY (NAMRIA)
55
REVISING PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 389, OTHERWISE
KNOWN AS THE FORESTRY REFORM CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 705 May 19, 1975 ("Revised Forestry Code of
the Philippines.")
56
THE FORESTRY REFORM CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 389
57
Presidential Decree No. 705 dated May 19, 1975, as
amended (Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines)
* remains the principal law governing our forest resources.
* It contains:
1) statutory rules on land classification,
2) silvicultural systems to be used in harvesting various
types of forest stands,
3) reforestation of degraded forest lands, special forest
land uses; and
4) protection of forest resources
58
Cardinal rules on land classification outlined in Section 15 of PD 705 as amended
> No land of the public domain __________________ in slope or over
shall be classified as alienable and disposable
eighteen percent (18%)
59
Cardinal rules on land classification outlined
in Section 15 of PD 705 as amended
> Lands eighteen percent (18%) in slope or over which have already
been classified as A & D shall be ___________ to form part of the forest reserves
reverted to the classification of
forest lands
60
Cardinal rules on land classification outlined
in Section 15 of PD 705 as amended
> No forest land _____ in slope or over shall be classified
as grazing lands.
fifty percent (50%)
61
Presidential Decree that amend the Revised Forestry Code of the Philippines (P.D. No. 705) in order to strengthen forest management, encourage private sector participation, and impose penalties for illegal activities.
PD 1159
62
Silvicultural and harvesting systems
prescribed under PD 705 as amended
> For dipterocarp forests,
selective logging with enrichment or
supplemental planting when necessary (PD 1559)
63
Silvicultural and harvesting systems
prescribed under PD 705 as amended
* For pine forest,
seed tree system with planting when necessary.
64
Silvicultural and harvesting systems
prescribed under PD 705 as amended
* For forest plantations,
clear cutting is allowed
65
RA No. for Expanded National Protected Areas System Act of 2018 (Expanded NIPAS of 2018)
RA No.11038
66
* It refers to identified portions of the land and water set by reason of
their
unique physical and biologic
significance,
managed to
biological diversity
and enhance
protected against human exploitation.
Protected Areas
67
an area possessing some
outstanding ecosystem features and/or species of flora
and fauna of national scientific importance
maintained processes in an undisturbed state in order
to have ecologically representative examples of the
natural environment available for scientific study,
environmental monitoring, education, and for the
maintenance of genetic resources in a dynamic and
evolutionary state.
Strict nature reserve
68
a relatively large area
not materially altered by human
activity where extractive resource uses
are not allowed and maintained to
protect outstanding natural and scenic
areas of national or international
significance for scientific, educational
and recreational use
Natural park
69
a relatively small area focused
on protection of small features to protect or
preserve nationally significant natural features on
account on their special interest or unique
characteristics
Natural monument
70
comprises an area which assures
the natural necessary to protect nationally
significant species, group of species, biotic
communities or physical features of the
environment where this may require specific human
manipulation for the perpetuation
Wildlife sanctuary
71
are areas of natural
significance which are characterized by the harmonious
interaction of man and land while providing opportunities for
public enjoyment through recreation and tourism within the
normal lifestyle and economic activity of these areas.
Protected landscapes and seascapes
72
an extensive and relatively isolated and
uninhabited area normally with difficult access designated as
such to protect natural resources of the area for future use and
prevent or contain development activities that could affect the
resource pending the establishment of objectives which are
based upon appropriate knowledge and planning
Resource reserve
73
an area set aside to allow the way of life of
societies living in harmony with the environment to adapt to modern
technology at their pace
Natural biotic areas
74
PAs Management Zone:
areas with high biodiversity value,
* closed to all human activities except for scientific studies and/or
ceremonial or religious use by the ICCs/IPs.
It may include habitats of threatened species, or degraded areas
that have been designated for restoration and subsequent
protection, even if these areas are still in various stages of
regeneration.
Strict Protection Zone (SPZ)
75
PAs Management Zone
comprise of areas where the following may be allowed consistent with
the protected area management plan: - settlement,
traditional and/or sustainable land-use, including agriculture, agro--
forestry, and other income generating or livelihood activities.
areas of high recreational tourism, educational or environmental
awareness values- areas consisting of existing installations of national significance or
interest such as development of renewable energy sources,
telecommunication facilities and electric power lines.
Multiple Use Zone
76
PAs Management Zones
* These are identified areas outside the boundaries of or immediately
adjacent to designated protected areas in order to avoid or minimize
harm to the protected areas.
* provides extra layer of protection to the PA
* Provided, that in cases where the designated buffer zone would
cover private lands, the owners thereof shall be required to design
their development with due consideration to the PA Management
Plan
Buffer Zone
77
These are communities within the protected areas
actually and continuously occupied such areas for five
(5) years before the designation of the same as
protected areas who are solely dependent therein for
subsistence.
Tenured migrant communities
78
Under CBFMA, tenure instrument for communities
within PA is called
Protected Area Community Based
Resource Management Agreement (PACBRMA)
79
______% of the PAMB members shall be women pursuant to the Magna Carta
of Women
40%
80
a trust fund for purposes of financing projects and sustaining the
operation of the PAs.
* Income derived from fees and charges from the use of resources
and facilities
* Contributions from industries and facilities directly benefitting from
the PA
* Such other fees derived from the operation of the PA
Integrated Protected Area Fund
81
RA of Climate Change Act of 2009
RA 9729
82
- refers to the adjustment in natural or human systems in
response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which
moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities
Adaptation
83
These refer to causes resulting from human
activities or produced by human beings
Anthropogenic causes
84
The Commission shall be an independent and
autonomous body and shall have the same status as that
of a national government agency. It shall be attached to
the Office of the President. It shall be the sole policy
making body of the government which shall be tasked to
coordinate, monitor and evaluate the programs and
action plans of the government relating to climate
change pursuant to the provisions of this Act
Climate Change Commission
85
RA No. of Local Government Code of 1991
RA 7160
86
“Guidelines for the Transfer and Implementation of
DENR Functions Devolved to the Local Government Units”
DAO No.?
DENR Department Administrative Order (DAO) No. 1992-30
87
DENR – DILG Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) No.?
“Manual of Procedures for DENR-DILG-LGU Partnership
on Devolved and other Forest Management Functions”
DENR – DILG Joint Memorandum Circular (JMC) No. 1998-01
88
DENR-DILG JMC No.?
“Strengthening the DENR
DILG-LGU Partnership on Devolved and other Forest
Management Functions”
DENR-DILG JMC No. 2003-01
89
refers to the act by which the national
government confers power and authority upon the various
local government units to perform specific functions and
responsibilities.
Devolution
90
EO No. of
Community Based Forest Management Strategy
Executive Order No. 263, series of 1995
91
Philippine Mining Act of 1995
RA 7942
92
Mandated the DENR to adopt community-based forest
management as the strategy for sustainable forestry and social
justice
Executive Order No. 263, series of 1995
93
The State has full control and supervision of exploring, developing and utilizing
them. It may enter into co-production or joint venture for a period of not more
than______, renewable for another _____.
25 years; 25 years
94
The President shall advise the ______ of every contract agreed upon in
accordance with this provision, within ________ from its execution.
Congress; thirty days
95
The _____ can negotiate with corporations owned by foreigners involving
technical and financial assistance for large-scale exploration, development, and
utilization of minerals, petroleum and other mineral oils in accordance with the
general terms and conditions as provided by law.
President
96
creates the 'People's Small Scale Mining
Program'. This program aims to identify and delineate the 'people's
small-scale mining areas, which can be qualified cooperative
contracts generated small miners registered with the DENR
RA No. 7076
97
Provides that the governor of the
province has the authority to grant permits for the utilization of
sand, gravel and quarry resources' located in the said province.
Republic Act No. 7160 (Local Government Code)
98
Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
RA 9275
99
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
RA No.8749
100
-Process of evaluating and predicting the likely impacts of a
project (including cumulative impacts) on the environment
during construction, commissioning, operation and
abandonment.
*- It also includes designing appropriate preventive, mitigating
and enhancement measures addressing these consequences to
protect the environment and the community’s welfare.
(PD 1586) Environmental Impact
Assessment System
101
No person, partnership, or corporation shall undertake or
operate any such declared environmentally critical project or
area without first securing an Environmental Compliance
Certificate issued by the President or his duly authorized
representative
Sec. 4 of PD 1586
102
Proclaiming Certain Areas and Types of Projects as
Environmentally Critical and Within the Scope of the
Environmental Impact Statement System Established under
Presidential Decree No. 1586.Proclaiming Certain Areas and Types of Projects as
Environmentally Critical and Within the Scope of the
Environmental Impact Statement System Established under
Presidential Decree No. 1586.
PROCLAMATION No. 2146
December 14, 1981
103
Step in the EIS process where the key issues and
concerns are identified, discussed, clarified and
agreed upon by the key actors.
* Part of the process of assessing social acceptability
of the project.
* Mandatory for projects that are required to submit
EIS
Scoping
104
Acceptability of the project by affected communities based on timely and informed
participation in the EIA process particularly
with regard to environmental impacts that are
of concern to them
Social Acceptability
