Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Forestry > Forestry FC 2 > Flashcards

Forestry FC 2 Flashcards

(106 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

pole timber

A

trees 4 to 10 inches dbh.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pre-commercial operations

A

cutting in forest stands to remove wood too small to be marketed. Precommercial operations improve species composition and increase the quality, growth, and vigor of remaining trees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

pre-commercial treatments

A

forestry operations that require landowner investment, such as cleaning or weeding stands to remove trees that have little or no cash value.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

prospectus

A

a document that describes the location of a property, indicates trees marked for cutting, and states that the timber will be sold in accordance with a suitable contact. A prospectus includes the number of trees marked, their diameter classes, and a volume estimate for each species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

pruning

A

the act of sawing or cutting branches from a living tree. In forest management, pruning is done to promote the growth of clear, valuable wood on the tree bole.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pulaski

A

Firefighters use this tool, which combines a single-bitted axe blade for chopping with a narrow blade for trenching, to clear vegetation when constructing a fireline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

pulpwood

A

wood suitable for use in paper manufacturing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

regeneration

A

the process by which a forest is reseeded and renewed. Advanced regeneration refers to regeneration that is established before the existing forest stand is removed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

regeneration cut

A

a timber harvest designed to promote natural establishment of trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

release

A

to remove overtopping trees that compete with understory or suppressed trees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

residual stand

A

the trees remaining intact following any cutting operation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

rot

A

a tree defect characterized by woody decay in a standing tree or log

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

rotation

A

the number of years required to grow a stand to a desired size or maturity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

salvage cut

A

the removal of dead, damaged, or diseased trees to recover maximum value prior to deterioration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sapling

A

a tree at least 4 1/2 feet tall and up to 4 inches in diameter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

sapling cut

A

a stand of trees whose average dbh is between 1 and 4 inches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

sawlog

A

a log large enough to be sawed economically on a sawmill. Sawlogs are usually at least 8 inches in diameter at the small end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sawlog tree

A

a tree at least 11 inches dbh and suitable for conversion to lumber. Sometimes, trees 11 to 14 inches dbh are called small sawlog trees, and trees larger than 18 inches dbh are called large sawlog trees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sawtimber

A

trees from which sawlogs can be made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sawtimber stand

A

a stand of trees whose average dbh is greater than 11 inches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

scale stick

A

a calibrated stick used to estimate wood volume in a log.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sealed-bid timber

A

a timber sale, usually offered through a consulting forester, in which buyers submit secret bids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

seed tree

A

a mature tree left uncut to provide seed for regeneration of a harvested stand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

seed tree harvest

A

the felling of all the trees in an area except for a few desirable individuals that provide seed for the next forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
selection harvest
the harvest of all individual trees or small groups at regular intervals to maintain an uneven-aged forest. Selection harvests are used to manage species that do not need sunlight to survive.
26
service forester
a professional forester employed by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Forest Service. Service foresters help private woodland owners develop and implement forest management plans. There is at least one service forester in each Maryland county.
27
shelterwood harvest
the harvest of all mature trees in an area in a series of two or more cuts, leaving enough trees of other sizes to provide shade and protection for forest seedlings
28
silviculture
the art and science of growing forest trees
29
site
the combination of biotic, climatic, topographic, and soil conditions of an area.
30
site index
a measure of the quality of a site based on the height of dominate trees at a specified age (usually 25 or 50 years), depending on the species.
31
site preparation
treatment of an area prior to reestablishment of a forest stand. Site preparation can include mechanical clearing, burning, or chemical (herbicide) vegetation control.
32
skidder
a rubber-tired machine with a cable winch or grapple used to drag logs out of the forest.
33
skidding
the act of moving trees from the site of felling to a leading area or landing. Tractors, horses, or specialized logging equipment can be used for skidding. Skidding methods vary in their impact on soils and the remaining stands.
34
slash
branches and other woody material left on a site after logging.
35
snag
a dead tree that is still standing. Snags provide important food and cover for a wide variety of wildlife species.
36
softwood
any tree in the gymnosperm group, including pines, hemlocks, larches, spruces, firs, and junipers. Softwoods often are called conifers although some, such as junipers and yews do not produce cones.
37
sprout
a tree growing from a cut stump or previously established root system.
38
stand
a group of forest trees of sufficiently uniform species composition, age, and condition to be considered a homogeneous unit for management purposes.
39
stand density
the quantity of trees per unit area, usually evaluated in terms of basal area, crown cover and stocking
40
stocking
the number and density of trees in a forest stand. Stands are often classified as understocked, well-stocked or overstocked.
41
stratification
division of a forest, or any ecosystem, into separate layers of vegetation that provide distinct niches for wildlife. See canopy, understory, and herbaceous vegetation.
42
stumpage
the value of standing trees in a forest.
43
stumpage price
the price paid for standing forest trees.
44
stumpage height
the distance from the ground to the top of the stump. Good logging practice dictates that stumps be as low as possible (preferably as low as 12 inches) to reduce waste, to minimize visual impact on the logging site, and to promote resprouting of trees
45
succession
the natural replacement of one plant (or animal) community by another over time in the absence of disturbance
46
suppressed
a tree condition characterized by low growth rate and low vigor as a result of competition with overtopping trees. See overtopped
47
sustained yield
an ideal forest management objective in which the volume of wood removed equals growth within the total forest.
48
sweep
a tree defect characterized by a gradual curve in the main stem.
49
thinning
a partial cut in an immature, overstocked stand of trees used to increase the stand's value growth by concentrating on individuals with the best potential.
50
threatened species
a species or subspecies whose population is so small or is declining so rapidly that it may become endangered in all or a significant portion of its range.
51
t.s.i.
timber stand improvement (t.s.i.) - any practice that increases the value or rate of value growth in a stand of potential sawtimber trees. Pruning and thinning are considered t.s.i.
52
tolerance
a tree species' capacity to grow in shade
53
tree farm
a privately owned forest managed on a multiple use basis with timber production as an important management goal.
54
trim allowance
the extra 2 or 3 inched left on a bucked log to allow logs with end checks, pulls, or slanting buck cuts to be trimmed to standard lumber lengths.
55
understocked
a stand of trees so widely spaced, that even with full growth potential realized, crown closure will not occur
56
understory
the level of forest vegetation beneath the canopy.
57
uneven aged stand
Three or more age classes of trees represented
58
unit sale
a timber sale in which the buyer makes regular (weekly, monthly) payments based on mill receipts. Unit sales are useful when the amount of timber sold is so large that a preharvest, lump-sum payment would be prohibitive.
59
veneer log
a high-quality log of a desirable species suitable for conversion to veneer. Veneer logs must be large, straight, of minimum taper, and free from defects
60
virgin forest
an area of old-growth trees that never has been harvested by humans.
61
watershed
a region defined by patterns of stream drainage. A watershed includes all the land that contributes water to a particular stream or river.
62
well-stocked
the situation in which a forest stand contains trees spaced widely enough to prevent competition yet closely enough to utilize the entire site.
63
wildlife habitat
the native environment of an animal. Habitats ideally provide all the elements needed for life and growth: food, water, cover and space.
64
windthrow
a tree felled by wind. Windthrows, also known as blowdowns, are common among shallow-rooted species and in areas where cutting has reduced stand density
65
wolf-tree
a large older tree with a spreading crown and little or no timber value, but often great value for wildlife.
66
annual
A plant which completes its life cycle in one year.
67
achine fruit type
One-seeded fruit, often plumose; outer layer firmly atttached to the seed, dry indehiscent.
68
anther
: The pollen bearing part of the stamen.
69
berry type fruit
A several seeded fruit with fleshy outer and inner walls; seeds imbedded in the pulpy mass; inner ovary wall fleshy and any hard coat around the seed does not belong to the ovary; fleshy fruit.
70
bipinnate
Twice pinnate.
71
bract
A more or less modified leaf situated near a flower
72
bud
Much-condensed, undeveloped shoot
73
calyx
Collective name of sepals
74
compound leaf
Composed of two or more similar parts.
75
corm
A thickened, vertical, solid underground stem
76
corolla
Collective name for petals
77
corona
An appendage or extension standing between the corolla and the stamen. Also called "crown".
78
dioecious
Male and female flowers are borne on different plants.
79
drupe fruit type
Usually a one-seeded fleshy fruit from a single pistil with a fleshy outer wall and bony inner wall; hard coat around the seed, a part of the ovary; fleshy fruit.
80
exfoliating
Peeling off in thin layers.
81
glabrous
Smooth, no hairs present.
82
gymnosperm
Cone bearing plants considered more primitive than flowering plants.
83
herbaceous
A plant with no persistent woody stem above ground, also leaf-like in color or texture.
84
inflorescence
The flowering part of a plant
85
leaflet
Each apparent blade of a compound leaf
86
midrib
The main or central vein of a leaf
87
monoecious
Male and female flowers are borne on the same plant.
88
node
The place on the stem which normally bears a leaf.
89
nut fruit type
Usually a one-celled, one seeded fruit with a bony, woody, leathery or papery wall, and usually partially or wholly encased in an involucre, or husk
90
opposite leaf arrangement
Two leaves at a node, one on the opposite side of the twig from the other; a condition called subopposite may occur in some plants when one leaf of a pair is slightly below or above the other
91
ovary
That part of the pistil that contains the ovules
92
perennial
A plant which lasts for three or more years.
93
pome fruit type
The product of a compound pistil; fleshy outer ovary wall and a papery or cartilaginous inner wall which encases numerous seeds; enlarged receptacle constitutes most of the fruit, fleshy fruit.
94
pubescent
Covered with short, soft hairs.
95
rachis
Apparent continuation of the petiole in a compound leaf.
96
rhizome
Any prostrate, more or less elongated stem growing partially or completely beneath the surface of the ground.
97
samara fruit type
Winged fruit; dry, indehiscent
98
sepal
One of the parts of the outer whorl of the floral envelope or calyx, usually green in color.
99
simple leaf
generally a leaf with one blade; without leaflets
100
stamen
One of the pollen-bearing organs of a flower
101
stipule
Leaflike appendage at the base of the leaf.
102
stolon
Trailing shoot above ground, rooting at the nodes
103
succulent
Fleshy and full of juice.
104
tri-pinnate
Three times pinnate
105
tuber
A thickened, short, usually subterranean stem having numerous buds called eyes
106
whorled leaf arrangement
Three or more leaves at a node

Forestry (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions