forgetting- retrieval failure

Question 1

retrieval failure theory

Answer 1

suggests info is in LTM but forgetting happens due to absence of appropriate cues encoded at the time

Question 2

context dependent cues

Answer 2

external cues that are present at the time of encoding. if you learn info in 1 setting, you will recall it better in the same setting

Question 3

context dependent- study

Answer 3

godden and baddely- divers learnt word lists on land or underwater, then recalled them in the same or diff environment. results showed better recall when learning was in same environment= evidence

Question 4

state dependent cues

Answer 4

internal cues that are present at the time of encoding. if you learn info in 1 mood, you will recall it better in the same mood

Question 5

state dependent- study

Answer 5

overtan- ppts who learnt material drunk/ sober recalled it better when they were in the same state= state dep cues aid memory

Question 6

strength- practical application

Answer 6

Students can develop effective revision strategies based on theories like context cues, which improve recall by linking information to specific environmental or contextual details. Concept is also applied in cognitive interviews where context-dependent memory is used to help witnesses recall more details by recreating the environment in which the event occurred, thereby enhancing memory retrieval

Question 7

weakness- lacks ecological validity

Answer 7

baddely- hard to find conditions in real life that are as polar as water and land, questioning existence of context effects. suggests it may only apply in distinct situations= not accurate

Question 8

strength- strong evidence

Answer 8

The best explanation for forgetting is that it is primarily due to retrieval failure. This suggests that all information is stored in LTM, but we may struggle to access it without the right retrieval cues. When we don’t have the appropriate cues, it feels like the memory is forgotten, even though it is still there, waiting to be triggered by the right context or prompt.

Question 9

weakness- cyclical reasoning

Answer 9

encoding specificity principle suffers from cyclical reasoning due to over reliance on assumptions- may not always be the case that diff between cues at encoding causes retrieval failure; nature of ESP says so