Forgetting Retrieval Failure

Question 1

What happens at retrieval failure (Cues)

Answer 1

when info is placed in memory associated cues are also stored at the same time. If these cues are not available at the time of recall then you may not actually access the memories that are there

Question 2

What is the encoding specificity principle (Tulving)

Answer 2

Tulving suggested that cues help retrieval

Question 3

What is context dependent forgetting? (external)

Answer 3

When memory retrieval is dependent on an external cue

Question 4

What is state context dependent forgetting

Answer 4

When memory retrieval is dependent on an internal cue e.g. state of mind e.g. under the effect of alcohol

Question 5

What did Godden and Baddaley do?

Answer 5

divers would learn words and recall words in land and underwater
1. e.g. divers would LEARN on land and RECALL on land
2. learn UNDERWATER and RECALL on land
3. learn on LAND and recall UNDERWATER
4. learn UNDERWATER and recall UNDERWATER

Points 1 and 4 recalled the best because the cues available at recall were the same as learning

Question 6

What did Carter and Cassidy do?

Answer 6

They got a bunch of ppts to recall words without using a drug and using a drug
They found out without the drug (learnt and recalled) had the higher recall because they were in the same internal state when learning and recalling
Drug + Drug higher recall
Learn with drug and recall with drug
Learn without drug and recall without drug
So when they learnt and recalled off the drug recall was higher
It was lower when they learnt without the drug but recalled with the drug
This is because the internal cues were not present at the same time

Question 7

What are advantages for forgetting retrieval failure

Answer 7

Practical Application (Real world application)
Context related cues have everyday application e.g. revision
Lots of evidence

Question 8

What are disadvantages for forgetting retrieval failure

Answer 8

ESP cannot be tested