Formal Logic Flashcards

1
Q

Sufficient:

A
If
All
Any
Every
Each
When
Whenever 
Wherever 
The only
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2
Q

Necessity:

A
Then
Requires 
Guarantees
Must
Necessary
Bound to lead to
Are destined to
Only (if)
Results in
Produces
Sure to
Always 
Unless 
Depends on
Without
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3
Q

Mutually Exclusive

A
No
Incapable 
Impossible 
Cannot 
None
Neither... nor
Never
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4
Q

If A, then B

A

If A ——> B

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5
Q

All C are D

A

If C ———> D

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6
Q

Every E is F

A

If E ———> F

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7
Q

If G, then not H

A

If G ———> ~ H

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8
Q

No I are J

A

If I ———> ~J

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9
Q

Only K are L

A

If L ——> K

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10
Q

M only if N

A

If M ——> N

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11
Q

The only O are P

A

If O ——> P

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12
Q

No Q unless R

A

If Q ———> R

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13
Q

S unless T

A

If ~S ——> T

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14
Q

No U without V

A

If U ——> V

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15
Q

Without W, no X

A

If X ——> W

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16
Q

Y if, but only if, Z

A

If Y ——> Z

If Z ——> Y

17
Q

AA if, and only if, BB

A

If AA ——> BB

If BB ——> AA

18
Q

If CC, then neither DD nor EE

A

If CC ——> ~DD AND ~EE

19
Q

FF if GG

A

If GG —> FF

20
Q

HH is always II

A

If HH. —-> II