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Oral Histology > Formation of the face, tongue and oral cavity > Flashcards

Formation of the face, tongue and oral cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of formative events?

A

Face, Tongue then oral cavity

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2
Q

formation

A

an organization level involved in the growth and development of an organ and an organism (what happens in the face and oral cavity)

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3
Q

growth

A

increase in weight and spatial dimension (shape) that an organ or organism undergo

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4
Q

development

A

the growth of an organ or organism through various morphological stages on its way to maturity

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5
Q

what is the crown to rump measurement in the 3rd embryonic week?

A

3 mm

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6
Q

what is the crown to rump measurement in the 8th fetal week?

A

30 mm

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7
Q

when does the stomodeum appear?

A

in the third week

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8
Q

what does the stomodeum become?

A

the oral and nasal cavities between the 6th and 8th embryonic week

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9
Q

what are the boundaries of the stomodeum during the 3rd embryonic week?

A

superior: frontal prominence
inferior: cardiac plate
posterior: buccopharyngeal membrane

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10
Q

what is the buccopharyngeal membrane?

A

a double membrane with epithelium on the outside and endoderm on the inside

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11
Q

when do the branchial arches and clefts (or grooves) appear and then disappear?

A

embryonic week 4 (and there are 4 of them)

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12
Q

what are other names for branchial arches?

A

pharyngeal or visceral arches

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13
Q

what does arch 1 become?

A

right and left maxillary facial processes and right and left mandibular facial processes

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14
Q

how does the commisura labiorum oris form?

A

where the maxillary and mandibular processes meet at either side of the stomodeum

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15
Q

what does cleft 1 and pouch 1 become?

A

cleft 1 becomes external auditory meatus and pouch 1 becomes the eustachian tube

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16
Q

what are the boundaries of the stomodeum during the 4th embryonic week?

A

superior: median and right and left lateral nasal facial processes
inferior: mandibular facial process
posterolateral: maxillary facial process

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17
Q

what forms that gives rise to the 3 components of the facial process?

A

the nasal pits that appear in the frontal prominence

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18
Q

what are the 3 components of the frontal prominence in the 4th embryonic week?

A

median, right and left lateral facial processes

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19
Q

what is the progression of the nasal pits?

A

the nasal pits deepen and form ducts that open into the stomodeum. these ducts become nostrils that open into nasal cavities during the formation of the nasal and oral cavities

20
Q

what forms the face?

A

the frontal prominence (3 of the 7 facial processes) and the branchial arch 1 (4 of the 7)

21
Q

what is the fate of the median nasal facial process?

A
  • midline of the nose

* philtrum of the upper lip

22
Q

what is the fate of the lateral nasal facial processes?

A
  • ala and latearl side of the nose

* infraorbital face

23
Q

what do the maxillary facial processes become?

A
  • upper part of cheek

* lateral upper lip

24
Q

what do the mandibular facial processes become?

A
  • lower lip
  • lower cheek
  • chin
25
Q

what is mesenchyme?

A

embryonic connective tissue that has a lot of stem cells

26
Q

what does arch II become?

A

an embryonic fold of tissue (mesenchyme on the inside and epithelium on the outside) called the operculum that covers arches III, IV and celfts II, III and IV

27
Q

what does the operculum become in the adult?

A

sides of the neck below the external auditory meatus

**if fusal doesn’t occur then cysts develop

28
Q

merge vs. fusal

A

merge is mesenchyme flowing and fusal is epithelium

29
Q

how do cleft lips (unilateral and bilateral) occur?

A
  • if the median nasal and maxillary processes don’t merge
  • if the mandibular processes don’t merge (rare)
  • ** cleft lips will happen by the 5th embryonic week
30
Q

the primary palate is on what side of the median nasal process?

A

stomodeum side

31
Q

what happens to the buccopharyngeal membrane?

A

ruptures during the 4th week to become the anterior pillar of the fauces. It opens to the foregut which become the nasal and oral pharynx

32
Q

what forms the tongue?

A

4 lingual swellings merge on the ventral side of the branchial arches during week 4 when the buccopharyngeal membrane ruptures

33
Q

what are the 4 lingual swellings and where are they located ?

A

right lateral and left lateral lingual swellings and tuberculum impar form on arch I (mandibular) and copula forms on arches 2 and 3

34
Q

what do the right and left lateral lingual swellings and tuberculum impar form?

A

anterior 2/3 of the tongue

35
Q

what does the copula form?

A

posterior 1/3 (or root) of the tongue

36
Q

where does the thyroid gland start?

A

at foramen cecum

37
Q

what is Waldeyer’s ring?

A

the ring of protection (lymph nodes) that encircle the entrance to the body made of palatine, lingual and adenoid tonsils

38
Q

tongue in the 5th embryonic week

A
  • is in the stomodeum until it begins to be partitioned in the 6th embryonic week
  • tongue starts tall and palatine folds are vertical and lateral to the tongue but as the face moves forward and down the tongue drops and the palatine folds move to horizontal over the tongue
39
Q

where does the primary palate arise from?

A

inside median nasal process

40
Q

where does the nasal septum arise from?

A

primary palate

41
Q

where do the palatine folds come from?

A

the inside of the maxillary facial processes

42
Q

what are all things in the head derived from?

A

ectoderm (ectomesenchyme)

**except enamel (epithelium)

43
Q

what are the palatine folds made of (and nasal septum) ?

A

ectomesenchyme with an epithelial lining
(mesenchyme that originates in the ectoderm germ layer)
**cysts can form along fusion

44
Q

what shape do the palatine fold and primary palate form?

A

Y

45
Q

what is the progression of epithelial fusal to form the remainder of the palate?

A

primary palate fuses with anterior palatine folds to form arm of the Y (5th week) and then the palatine fold and nasal septum all start to fuse continuing posteriorly until week 8 (like a zipper)

46
Q

mesenchyme union

A

when the epithelium breaks up and the mesenchyme of one structure intermingles with another
** both primary palate and palatine folds as well as palatine folds with eachother

47
Q

once mesenchymal union is complete what is formed?

A

secondary palate with oral and nasal cavities

Oral Histology (13 decks)

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