Formulas

Question 1

1 tsp

Answer 1

5 mL

Question 2

1 tbsp

Answer 2

15 mL

Question 3

1 fl oz

Answer 3

30 mL

Question 4

1 cup

Answer 4

8 oz (240 mL)

Question 5

1 pint

Answer 5

2 cups (480 mL)

Question 6

1 quart

Answer 6

2 pints (960 mL)

Question 7

1 gallon

Answer 7

4 quarts (3840 mL)

Question 8

1 kg

Answer 8

2.2 pounds

Question 9

1 oz

Answer 9

28.4 grams

Question 10

1 pound

Answer 10

454 grams (16 oz)

Question 11

1 grain

Answer 11

65 mg

Question 12

1 inch

Answer 12

2.54 cm

Question 13

Specific Gravity (SG)

Answer 13

SG = g/mL

Question 14

Q1C1 (Dilution and Concentration)

Answer 14

Q1C1 = Q2C2

Units must match

Question 15

Osmolarity

Answer 15

mOsm/L = [wt of substance (g/L) / MW (g/mole)] x # of particles x 1,000

just mOsm: the weight isn’t normalized to per liter

Question 16

Dissociation Factor

Answer 16

1 ion: i = 1
2 ions: i = 1.8
3 ions: i = 2.6
4 ions: i = 3.4
5 ions: i = 4.2

Question 17

E value

Answer 17

Sodium chloride equivalent

E = [58.5 x i] / [MW x 1.8]

Question 18

mols

Answer 18

g/MW

mmols = mg/MW

Question 19

mEq

Answer 19

(mg x valence) / MW
OR
mmol x valence

Question 20

Fluid Needs

Answer 20

1,500 mL + (20mL)(wt in kg - 20)

Question 21

Calories from Macronutrients

Answer 21

Dextrose = 3.4 kcal
Protein = 4 kcal
Lipids = 10% - 1.1kcal/mL, 20% - 2kcal/mL, 30% - 3kcal/mL

Question 22

TEE

Answer 22

BBE x activity factor x stress factor

Question 23

Nitrogen intake

Answer 23

grams of protein / 6.25

Question 24

IBW

Answer 24

male = 50 + 2.3(inches of height over 60)
female = 4.5 + 2.3(inches of height over 60)

Question 25

AdjBW

Answer 25

IBW + (0.4)(TBW-IBW)

Question 26

Drugs that use IBW for dosing

Answer 26

theophylline/aminophylline, acyclovir, levothyroxine

Question 27

Drugs that use AdjBW when obese

Answer 27

aminoglycosides

Question 28

Cockcroft-Gault Equation

Answer 28

CrCl = [(140-Age) / (72 x Scr)] x wt in kg ( x 0.85 if female) TBW 25 = AdjBW

Question 29

Weak Acid pH formula

Answer 29

pH = pKa + log[salt/acid]

Question 30

Weak Base pH formula

Answer 30

pH = pKa + log[base/salt]

Question 31

Weak Acid % Ionization

Answer 31

% ionization = 100 / (1 + 10^(pKa - pH))

Question 32

Weak Base % Ionization

Answer 32

% ionization = 100 / (1 + 10^(pH - pKa))

Question 33

Aminophylline to Theophylline

Answer 33

Multiply by 0.8 A T M

Question 34

Theophylline to Aminophylline

Answer 34

Divide by 0.8

Question 35

Absolute Neutrophil Count

Answer 35

ANC = WBC x [(segs+bands)/100] segs = neutrophils

Question 36

Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 36

C = (F - 32) / 1.8

Question 37

Celsius to Fahrenheit

Answer 37

F = (1.8 x C) + 32

Question 38

LDL

Answer 38

LDL = TC - HDL - (TG/5) Only can be used if TG <400

Question 39

Bioavailability

Answer 39

F = 100 x [AUCex/AUCiv] x [DOSEiv/DOSEex]

Question 40

Volume of Distribution

Answer 40

Vd = amt of drug in body / concentration of drug in plasma

Question 41

Clearance

Answer 41

Cl = (F x dose) / AUC Cl = Vd x ke

Question 42

Elimination Rate Constant

Answer 42

ke = Cl/Vd

Question 43

Half Life

Answer 43

t1/2 = 0.693/ke

Question 44

Loading Dose

Answer 44

LD = (Desired Concentration x Vd) / F

Question 45

Predicting Drug Concentrations

Answer 45

C2 = C1 x e^(-kt) ke = ln (C1/C2) / t

Question 46

KCl solution to tablet

Answer 46

10% = 20 mEq/15 mL

Question 47

Calcium Elemental

Answer 47

Calcium citrate = 21% elemental calcium Calcium carbonate = 40% elemental calcium

Question 48

Statin Equivalent Doses

Answer 48

Pitavastatin = 2 mg Rosuvastatin = 5 mg Atorvastatin = 10 mg Simvastatin = 20 mg Lovastatin = 40 mg Pravastatin = 40 mg Fluvastatin = 80 mg

Question 49

IV to PO ratios

Answer 49

Metoprolol = 1:2.5 Levothyroxine = 0.75:1 Furosemide = 1:2

Question 50

Loop Diuretic Equivalent Doses

Answer 50

Bumetanide = 1 mg Torsemide = 20 mg Furosemide = 40 mg Ethacrynic Acid = 50 mg

Question 51

Iron Elemental

Answer 51

Ferrous Sulfate = 20% elemental iron

Question 52

Insulin Conversions

Answer 52

NPH BID -> Insulin glargine QD = 80% of NPH dose Toujeo -> Lantus, Basaglar, Detemir = 80% of Toujeo dose

Question 53

Steroids Equivalent Doses

Answer 53

Cortisone = 25 mg Hydrocortisone = 20 mg Prednisone = 5 mg Prenisolone = 5 mg Methylprednisolone = 4 mg Triamcinolone = 4 mg Dexamethasone = 0.75 mg Betamethasone = 0.6 mg

Question 54

Lithium Conversion

Answer 54

5 mL = 8 mEq = 300 mg

Question 55

Risk

Answer 55

Risk = # of pts with unfavorable event / # of pts in group

Question 56

Relative Risk

Answer 56

RR = Risk of Treatment Group / Risk of Control Group

Question 57

Relative Risk Reduction

Answer 57

RRR = 1 - RR(in decimal form)

Question 58

Absolute Risk Reduction

Answer 58

ARR = Risk of Control Group - Risk of Treatment Group

Question 59

Number Needed to Treat/ Number Needed to Harm

Answer 59

NNT or NNH = 1/ARR Round up in NNT Round down in NNH

Question 60

Odds Ratio

Answer 60

OR = AD/BC Chart is arranged: A B C D

Question 61

Hazard Ratio

Answer 61

HR = Hazard Rate in Treatment Group / Hazard Rate in Control Group (Same as RR)

Question 62

Incremental Cost Ratio

Answer 62

(C2-C1) / (E2-E1)