Fortifieds

Question 1

PX

Answer 1

Sugar - min 212g/L, Gen 450-500g/L
Abv - 15-22%

Entry level - £7.50/half
Mid-range - VORS £30/half
Premium - VORS £150/bottle

Question 2

Moscatel de Chipiona

Answer 2

RS - min 160g/L, typically 180-220
Abv - 15-22%

Entry level - £6/half
Mid-range - £25/bottle
Premium - ?

Question 3

Pale cream

Answer 3

RS - 45-115g/L (Croft 110)
Abv -15-17%

Entry level - £10/L
Mid-range - £18/75cl

Question 4

Medium

Answer 4

RS - 4- 115g/L (Sandeman 43)
Abv - 17-20

Entry level - £11
Premium - £34 (16yr 7% PX)

Question 5

Cream

Answer 5

RS - 115-140g/L (HBC 135)
Abv - 17-20%

Entry level - £10
Medium - £21/bottle 12yo
Premium - £30/half 30yo

Question 6

Port

Answer 6

RS - 100g/L (some white lower - Chip dry 35)
Abv - 20%

Entry level - £6
Mid-range - £30
Premium - Mid-range vint £60, top qual vint £200, 30yo Tawny £90, 20yo Tawny £40

Question 7

Sercial

Answer 7

RS - up to 59 (extra dry or dry) gen 40-60
Abv 17-20%

Entry - £20 /50cl10yo
Premium - £90+ Colheita

Laterals - Marsala semi secco

Marker - high tangy acidity, lemon peel, saline, peach

Question 8

Verdelho

Answer 8

RS - 54 - 78 g/L
Abv - 17-20%

Entry level - £25/50cl 10yo
Premium - £100 + Garrafeira

Laterals - Medium Sherry, Marsala semi secco

Marker - high acidity, candied lemon peel, hay

Question 9

Boal

Answer 9

RS - 78-95 g/L
Abv - 17-20%

Entry level - £20/50cl 10yo
Premium - £80+ 30yo

Laterals - Marsala semi secco, medium sherry

Marker - high acidity, cinnamon, orange peel

Question 10

Malmsey

Answer 10

RS - 100g/L +
Abv 17-20%

Entry level - £20/50cl 10yo
Premium - £100+ 30yo

Laterals - cream sherry, marsala dolce

Marker - high acidity, christmas cake, umami

CP - domestic, tourism, UK, USA, Fr, Belg, HK, Japan, cocktails

Question 11

Muscat de Beaumes de Venise

Answer 11

RS - 110-125g/L
Abv - 15%

Entry level - £10
Mid-range - £25
Premium - £30/50cl

Question 12

Muscat de Frontignan/St Jean de Minervois

Answer 12

RS - 110g/L
Abv - 15%

£20/75cl

Question 13

Muscat de Rivesaltes

Answer 13

RS - 110-115g/L
Abv - 15-16%
50-100% Muscat of Alexandria

£20/75cl

Question 14

Rasteau

Answer 14

RS - 110g/L
Abv 16-18% (gen 16.5%)
Min 75% Grenache (gen 100%)

£30/75cl

Question 15

Maury

Answer 15

RS - 85-100g/L
Abv - Gen 16%
Gen 100% Grenache

Entry level - £15
Premium - £60 Eg 1984 vintage

Question 16

Banyuls

Answer 16

RS - 85-100g/L
Abv - Gen 16%-17%

Entry level - £18
Premium - £80+ old vintage

Grand Cru min 30m (hor d’age min 5yrs) - £60+

Question 17

Rivesaltes Blanc

Answer 17

RS - 110
Abv - 15.5%
Grenache Blanc, Grenache Gris

Entry level - £10
Premium - £60+ older vintages

Question 18

Rutherglen Muscat

Answer 18

Abv - 17-18%
Basic - 3-5 yr 180-240g/L, £15/half
Classic - 6-10yr, 200-280g/L, £30/half
Grand - 11-19yr, 270-400g/L, £40/half
Rare - min 20yr, 270-400g/L, £80/half

Laterals - Moscatel de Setubal, PX

Markers - Black tea, rosehip, more viscous less phenolic than setubal, more aromatic than PX

CP - Majority domestic, some UK, USA, China, seasonal, some on trade

Question 19

Rutherglen Topaque

Answer 19

Muscadelle
Gen 18%
Basic - 3-5 yr, 180-240, £20/half
Classic - 6-10yr, 200-280, £30
Grand - 11-19yr, 270-400g/L, £45
Rare -min 20yr, 270-400, £75

Laterals - Rutherglen muscat, PX, Moscatel de Setubal

Marker - cold tea, fish oil capsules

Question 20

Marsala

Answer 20

RS - Secco max 40g/L
Semi-secco 41-100g/L
Dolce over 100g/L £21-£30 110g/L, 18%
Abv 15-20 (min 18% for anything supriore or higher)

White grapes - Grillo (herbal, bitter), Inzolia (yellow apple), Cataratto (sage, pineapple)
Black grapes - Perricone, Nerello Mascalese, Nero d’Avola

Age -
Fine - 1yr - £15, 33g/L 17% (palest colour, different sweetness levels poss, acid btwn Sherry and Mad)
Superiore - 2yrs min 18%
Superiore Riserva - 4 yrs - £25 18% 28g/L (Amber/brown, varying sweetness, med acid)
Vergine/Soleras - 5yrs (dry max 10g/l!!, gold, no flor/spirity/med alc)
Vergine/Soleras Stravecchio/Soleras Riserva - 10 yrs - £40 19%

Colour - Ambra - amber (from mosto cotto)
Oro - gold
Rubine - ruby

Laterals - Amontillado (Vergine), Madeira (sweeter)

Marker - saline, bitter, cat litter?

CP - Local, tourists, USA, UK, Ger, Can, cooking

Question 21

Moscatel de Valencia

Answer 21

RS - Gen 180g/L (60-190)
Abv - 15%
Muscat of Alexandria
Dried grapes, unaged

Entry level £8
Mid-range - ?

Laterals - VDN (less aromatic), white port (lower alc), Chipiona (poss less sweet)

Marker - low qual

CP - supermarkets

Question 22

Moscatel de Alejandria

Answer 22

RS - gen 150g/L
Abv - 15%
Muscat of Alexandria
Age - 6m - 1yr

Entry level - £10/50cl

Question 23

Malaga

Answer 23

RS - Min 140, up to 300g/L
Abv - 15%
Moscatel, PX - sun dried or sweetened with arrope (cooked must)

seco - less than 4g/l
semiseco - 4 to 12g/l
semidulce - 12 to 45g/l
dulce - over 45 g/l
Dry Pale / Pale Dry - without arrope, residual sugar up to 45 g/l
Pale Cream - without arrope, residual sugar over 45 g/l
Dulce Crema / Cream - aged, residual sugar 100 to 140 g/l
Sweet - aged, residual sugar over 140 g/l

Dorado / Golden - naturally sweet, without arrope, aged
Rojo Dorado / Red Gold - up to 5% arrope, aged
Oscuro / Brown - 5 to 10% arrope, aged
Colour - 10 to 15% arrope, aged
Negro / Dark - more than 15% arrope, aged

Málaga Joven - young wine, no ageing (only for DO Sierras de Málaga)
Málaga Pálido - aged for up to 6 months
Málaga - aged for 6 to 24
months
Málaga Noble - aged for 2 to 3 years
Málaga Añejo - aged for 3 to 5 years
Málaga Trasañejo - aged for over 5 years

Vino de licor (liqueur wine) - 15 to 22% vol.Vino dulce natural - 15 to 22% vol, zum. 244 g/lVino naturalmente dulce - approx. 13% vol, approx. 300 g/l, without spritsVino tranquilo - 10 to 15% vol, without spirits

£20
Poss unfortified

Question 24

Moscatel de Setubal

Answer 24

RS - 140
Abv 17-18%
Moscatel de Setubal (Alexandria) (also Moscatel Roxo - MBaPG)
Ferm on skins, extended skin contact (3-8 months)
Aged 1- 3 yrs old American oak (entry level), poss 10, 20, 30, 40

Late harvest - 140RS, 17-18%, £15
Superiore 10 years 200g/l, 20%, £30
20yrs up to 300g/l, 20%, £45

Laterals - Rutherglen (more acidity), Madeira (less acidity), Pantelleria (less floral, darker)

Marker - Roxo herbal, moscatel grapey, notable phenolic impact

CP - domestic, bartenders

Question 25

Commandaria

Answer 25

RS - 220g/L Abv - 15% (not always fort) Grape - Xynisteri, Mavro Dried grapes Ox maturation - 5 yrs £15 50cl

Question 26

Residual sugar < 50

Answer 26

Chip dry white port 35 Sercial - 45-55 Marsala Secco - max 40 Marsala Semi-secco 41-100 Medium sherry - 4-115 (gen 45)

Question 27

Residual sugar around 100

Answer 27

Port 100 (maybe 120 tawnies) Pale cream - 45-115 (Croft 110) Cream - min 115 (HBC 135) Verdelho - 54-78 Bual - 78-100 Malvasia - 100 Muscat BdV - 100 Muscat de St Jean/Frontignan/Lunel - 125 Riveslats - 100 Maury, Banyuls - 80-100 Marsala Dolce - over 100 Moscatel du Setubal - 140 Moscatel de Alejandria - 150

Question 28

Residual sugar around 200

Answer 28

Moscatel de Valencia - 180 Commandaria - 220 Rutherglen/Topaque 180-240 Classic Rutherglen/Topaque - 200-280 Moscatel de Chipiona - gen 180-220 (min 160)

Question 29

Residual sugar around 300

Answer 29

Grand Rutherglen/Topaque - 270-400 Rare Rutherglen/Topaque - 270-400

Question 30

Residual sugar around 400

Answer 30

PX - 380-450

Question 31

Fino/Manzanilla

Answer 31

15% (poss more for aged examples) Entry level - £10 supermarket own label Mid-range - £20 (pasada/viejo min 7yrs, en rama) Premium - £30 single vineyard/pago (£50/50cl tres palmas, single barrel) 10 yr mat Laterals - Jura, Tokaji Szaraz, unfort Palomino Marker - lack of glycerol, definition of acetaldehyde CP - UK, USA

Question 32

Amontillado

Answer 32

17.5-22% Entry level - £12 supermarket own label 12yo - £20 15yo - £25 30yo - £60-100+ Laterals - Palo cortado, Oloroso, aged fino, Vergine Marsala Marker - more glyerol than fino, less than palo

Question 33

Oloroso

Answer 33

18-22% 8yo - £20 12yo - £25 20yo - £40 VORS 30yo - £75-100+ Laterals - Amontillado, Palo Cortado Marker - meaty, umami richness

Question 34

Palo cortado

Answer 34

17.5-22% Entry level - £14 12yo - £22 VOS 20yo - £50-75 VORS 30yo - £100+ Laterals - Amontillado, Oloroso, Vergine Marsala Marker - weight but finesse

Question 35

Orange muscat (Andrew Quady)

Answer 35

Orange muscat, California Ripe grapes (no bot), ferm SS, selected yeast, lightly fort 160RS 15% abv £15/half Laterals - VDN, Samos, Valencia Marker - more colour and intensity for fruity non ox style CP - Specialist

Question 36

Aussie Port styles

Answer 36

Syrah, Mourvedre, Grenache, Cab Barossa 18.5-19%, 10-21yo £30 144-162g/l (Also PX style 18.5% £20/half 186g/l)