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Forward Observer Flashcards

1
Q

What is a call for fire?

A

A concise message prepared by the observer to request a fire mission.

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2
Q

What are the six elements of call for fire?

A 
Observer Identification
Warning Order
Target Location
Target Description
Method of Engagement
Method of Fire and Control
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3
Q

What are the three transmissions?

A
  1. Observer Identification and Warning Order
  2. Target Location
  3. Target Description, Method of Engagement, and Method of Fire and Control
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4
Q

What are the types of fire missions?

A 
Adjust Fire
Fire for Effect
Suppression
Immediate Smoke
Immediate Suppression
Illumination
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5
Q

What is the most important element of call for fire?

A

Target Location

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6
Q

What should the target description describe?

A 
What the target is
What the target is doing
The number of elements
The degree of protection
Target size and shape
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7
Q

What can the observer indicate in method of engagement

A 
Danger close
Distribution
Ammunition
Trajectory
Type of adjustment
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8
Q

What is purpose of the method of fire control?

A

The manner attacking the target, whether the observer wants to control the time of delivery of fire, and whether he can observe the target.

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9
Q

What are three methods of fire control?

A

When ready
At my command
Time on target

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10
Q

What does the Message To Observer (MTO) comprise?

A

Unit firing
Number of rounds
Target number
Change to method of engagement (if applicable)

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11
Q

When is OT direction sent?

A

Before or with the first subsequent correction.

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12
Q

What are the three methods of locating a target?

A

Grid
Polar
Shift from known point

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13
Q

What is the Army standard for grid coordinate CFF missions?

A

Six digits

Eight digit grids when greater accuracy required

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14
Q

Does the FDC need to know the observer’s location when sending a grid CFF mission?

A

No

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15
Q

What are some steps to finding a target grid?

A

Orient a map using compass or terrain
Identify the target with one of the terrain features on the ground
Locate the terrain feature on the map
Determine the six digit grid of the point plotted on the map

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16
Q

What is a polar plot CFF mission?

A

A way to locate a target with respect to the observer’s position.

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17
Q

Does the FDC need to know the observer’s location when sending a polar CFF mission?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What information does the observer send the FDC during a polar CFF mission?

A

Observer location
OT direction
Distance
Vertical shift if greater than 35 meters

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19
Q

What are some ways to determine OT direction?

A 
Estimate by cardinal directions
Scale from a map
Compass
Measure from a reference point
Other measuring devices
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20
Q

What are some ways to find OT distance?

A

Laser
Flash-to-bang time (Time x 350 = Distance)
Estimation

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21
Q

What terms describe a vertical shift adjustment

A

Up and down

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22
Q

In which type of CFF mission does the observer not announce the type of mission?

A

Grid

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23
Q

What information must the FDC have to process a polar CFF request?

A

Observer location

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24
Q

When sending a direction to the FDC, the observer will always send what type of direction?

A

Mils (milliradians)

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25
What does the FDC transmit after receiving the initial CFF request?
Message to Observer
26
Which method of estimating distance uses the following formula: Elapsed time between impact and sound x 350 = Distance
Flash-to-bang
27
_______ is the observer's determination of the location of the burst, or the mean point of impact of a group of bursts, with respect to the adjustment point observed along the observer-target line.
Spotting
28
The _______ consists of the type of mission, the size of the element to fire for effect, and the method of target location.
WARNO
29
What element of the call for fire allows the FDC to determine the amount and type of ammunition to use?
Target description
30
When sending target direction, it is normally expressed to the nearest ______.
10 mils
31
What is the preferred directional measurement used when requesting indirect fire?
Grid azimuth
32
What must the FDC have to fire a polar plot mission?
Observer location
33
The observer must determine an "Up" or "Down" shift if the difference between the observer altitude and the target altitude is ______ meters or greater.
35 meters
34
Range corrections are expressed to the nearest _______ when locating a target by shift from a known point.
100 meters
35
What must be announced to the FDC when a target is within 600 meters from your location?
Danger close
36
What is a field expedient method to quickly determine angular deviations?
Hand method
37
In which element of a call for fire would you indicate how to attack the target?
Method of engagement
38
In which element of a call for fire would the observer describe the target in enough detail that the FDC can determine the amount and type of ammunition to use?
Target description
39
How many transmissions are there in an initial call for fire request?
Three
40
In a shift from a known point mission, the observer tells the FDC the known point in the _________.
WARNO
41
___________ is used to bring the round left or right of the known point to the target.
Lateral shift
42
What techniques can be used to conduct area adjustment fire?
Successive bracketing Hasty bracketing Creeping fire One round adjustment
43
The _________ is a well-defined point near the center of the target area on which to adjust fire.
Adjustment point
44
When using the hand method to determine deviation, what are the rough measurements for different hand positions?
``` One finger = 30 mils Two fingers = 70 mils Three fingers = 100 mils Four fingers = 125 mils Fist = 180 mils Spread hand = 300 mils ```
45
When using successive bracketing the observer normally initiates the fire for effect phase when a ________ bracket is split.
100 meter
46
Which two methods of control reduce the sporadic engagement of targets?
At my command | Time on target
47
What are the steps to the adjustment of fire?
Adjustment point Spot round impact Determine range correction Determine lateral shift
48
What is the publication for Observed Fires?
ATP 3-09.30
49
What is an acronym used for target description?
Size Nature/Nomenclature Activity Protection
50
What are the components of method of engagement?
Danger close Ammo Trajectory
51
What does the WARNO consist of?
Type of mission | Method of target location
52
What adjustment fire technique is used when firing danger close?
Creeping fire
53
What method of fire and control would an FO use to request a specific time to attack a target?
Time on target
54
Which element of a CFF mission would you request ammunition by type?
Method of engagement
55
How is range correction expressed when locating a target by shift from a known position?
Add/Drop + Rounded to nearest 100m
56
What is the second transmission in an initial CFF request?
Target location
57
When making definite range and deviation spotting, what adjustment determination would the FO use to spot each round when it impacts?
Mil relation formula
58
What is the first transmission in an initial CFF mission?
Observer ID | WARNO
59
In a shift from known point mission, the point or target from which the shift will be made is sent when?
WARNO
60
When massing fires, what two methods of control would the FO use?
At my command | Time on target

Infantry ALC (6 decks)

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