Fossil fuel

Question 1

use of kerosene

Answer 1

fuels for jet

Question 2

raw materials for making towngas

Answer 2

naphtha

but there is no naphtha in towngas!!

Question 3

catalyst for hydrogenation of alkenes

Answer 3

platinum, nickel or palladium

Question 4

why need to take out the delivery tube of the water level before removing heat in cracking

Answer 4

prevent sucking back/ boiling tube will be cracked

Question 5

origin of petroleum

Answer 5

dead marine organisms remain

buried underneath rocks and subjected to intense heat and pressure for a long time

Question 6

cracking only produce alkane?

Answer 6

no

there must be at least one alkene molecules produced

Question 7

the major exhaust gas from car engine

Answer 7

N2

Question 8

Give one application of polypropene

Answer 8

luggage cases

Question 9

why cracking is important

Answer 9

it can produce small molecules from large hydrocarbons to meet the industrial demand

Question 10

why using electric car can help alleviate global warming

Answer 10

Using carbon capture techniques, the CO2 produced in power station can be trapped thus the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere will be reduced

Question 11

what will be produced by cars which cannot be removed by catalytic convertor

Answer 11

suspended particulates

X air particulates

Question 12

how to produce 1,2-dibromoethane form crude oil

Answer 12

Separation of crude oil by fractional distillation of crude oil
Cracking of heavy oil/naphtha
***Fractional distillation of the product mixture
Addition reaction of ethene

Question 13

why polymer has a range of relative molecular mass

Answer 13

polymer is a mixture of polymer molecules with different length

Question 14

why Br radical has a high reactivity

Answer 14

Br atom doesnt have stable octet electronic configuration

with one unpaired electron which is very reactive

Question 15

fossil fuel definition

Answer 15

fossil fuels are fuels formed from the remains of living organisms that lived millions of years ago

Question 16

petroleum is a mixture

T/F

Answer 16

T

Question 17

what is the use of refinery gas

Answer 17

for LPG
liquefied petroleum gas
C1-C4

Question 18

what is the use of petrol

Answer 18

motor car fuel

C5-C10

Question 19

what is the use of naphtha

Answer 19

raw materials for town gas

C5-C10

Question 20

what is the use of kerosene

Answer 20

jet plane fuel

Question 21

what is the use of diesel or gas oil

Answer 21

fuel for buses

Question 22

what is the use of fuel oil

Answer 22

fuel for factories

Question 23

what is the use of lubricating oils/wax

Answer 23

making candles

Question 24

what is the use of bitumen

Answer 24

surfacing road

Question 25

in distillation | why the water in the condenser should be injected in the lower end

Answer 25

to ensure the jacket is fullly filled with water | better cooling effect

Question 26

in what states does wax act as the fuel in a burning candle

Answer 26

vapour

Question 27

why a burning candle can be extinguished by a strong wind?

Answer 27

the strong wind cause a lowering of temperature

Question 28

why is it hazardous to add cold water to molten wax at a high temperature

Answer 28

the high temperature of wax causes water to evaporate rapidly and so the steam produced causes the molten wax to splash out and burn our skin

Question 29

are CO CO2 organic compounds?

Answer 29

no | they are exceptional cases

Question 30

what is saturated compounds?

Answer 30

organic compound which only contains single bonds | but C=O ok

Question 31

properties of homologous series

Answer 31

same general formula each member is different form the next member by a CH2 unit gradual change in physical properties similar chemical properties (not the same )

Question 32

state of C1-C4 in 25oC

Answer 32

gas

Question 33

state of C5-C17 in 25oC

Answer 33

liquid

Question 34

one common use of alkane in lab

Answer 34

paraffin oil

Question 35

why octane burns with a more sooty flame compared to pentane

Answer 35

octane has a higher carbon content | its chances to undergo incomplete combustion is higher than pentane

Question 36

cracking definition

Answer 36

cracking is the process of breaking down of larger hydrocarbon into smaller hydrocarbon under the action of heat or catalyst in the absence of air

Question 37

why cant we heat the rocksil soaked with paraffin directly in the cracking setup

Answer 37

the parrafin will be vaporized and pass through the catalyst too quickly without being cracked

Question 38

uses of cracking

Answer 38

meet the industrial demand of lighter fraction | produce alkenes which can be converted to plastic

Question 39

alkenes is more reactive than alkane | T/F

Answer 39

T | because of the CC double bond

Question 40

why alkene burns with a more sooty flame than alkane with same number of C

Answer 40

higher percentage by mass of C

Question 41

highest supply of petroleum fraction

Answer 41

heavy oil(fuel oil, lubricating oil)

Question 42

highest demand of petroleum fraction

Answer 42

gas oil > petrol and kerosene

Question 43

what are present in LPG

Answer 43

propane and butane

Question 44

components in town gas

Answer 44

CO H2 (CH4 CO2)

Question 45

why town gas contain an odourant

Answer 45

give a characteristic smell to warn customers of the leakage of town gas

Question 46

why we cant use phone and electronic device in a town gas leakage

Answer 46

trigger off an electric spark which may ignite the town gas (explosion)

Question 47

what is the negative impact bring by CO

Answer 47

CO combines with haemoglobin to prevent it from carrying O2 to tissue cell unconsciousness and death

Question 48

what is the general negative impact bring by unburnt hydrocarbon, particulates, NO ,SO2...

Answer 48

irritate respiratory system

Question 49

how a photochemical smog is formed

Answer 49

unburnt hydrocarbon + nitrogen oxides + oxygen in air under sunlight

Question 50

why use unleaded petrol

Answer 50

Pt in catalytic convertor will be posioned if Pb is present | it will damage nervous system

Question 51

common greenhouse gas

Answer 51

CO2 H2O(g) CH4 CFCs ozone N2O

Question 52

why theres increasing concentration of methane

Answer 52

increase in the number of cattle | the remains decay to give methane

Question 53

how to solve oil spillage

Answer 53

use detergent to emulsify the oil | use microorganism to break down the oil

Question 54

carbon monoxide soluble in water

Answer 54

no | so rainwater cannot wash away it

Question 55

what is polymerisation

Answer 55

its the process of repeatedly joining small molecules together to form the polymer chain

Question 56

whether polystyrene is suitable for making foam cups for hot drinks

Answer 56

expanded polystyrene is suitable for making foam cups as it is a good heat insulator and non-poisonous

Question 57

why using naphtha instead of coal to manufacture town gas

Answer 57

it is easier to transport and store naphtha and it produce less air pollutants

Question 58

why a hot water bath instead of a make flame is used for heating methanol

Answer 58

because methanol is flammable

Question 59

properties of polyethene

Answer 59

durable water repelling chemically inert high tensile strength

Question 60

why polyethene is durable

Answer 60

the C-H bond are strong and unreactive

Question 61

write the chemical equation of combustion of octane

Answer 61

2C8H18 + 25O2 to 16CO2 + 18H2O cannot use fraction!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! only enthalpy can use

Question 62

under what condition would CO formed from combustion of hydrocarbon

Answer 62

limited supply of oxygen incomplete combustion not sure

Question 63

advatage of using natural gas than coal in producing electricity

Answer 63

natural gas burns more completely but coal do not | compared with natural gas, coal contain more impurities so more pollutants such as SO2 will be formed