FOSSILS

Question 1

Body of sediment with distinctive
physical, chemical, and biological
attributes.

Answer 1

Sedimentary Facies

Question 2

Sea level rises with respect to land wherein the shoreline migrates landward, as does the environment

Answer 2

Marine Transgression

Question 3

What happens to facies during marine transgression?

Answer 3

Superposed on facies deposited in nearshore environments

Question 4

True or False: rocks making up each facies in marine transgression become younger landward

Answer 4

True

Question 5

The opposite of transgression where nearshore facies overlay offshore facies

Answer 5

Marine regression

Question 6

True or False: rocks units in marine regression are older seaward

Answer 6

False

Question 7

this law states that the facies seen in a conformable vertical
sequence will also replace one another
laterally

Answer 7

Walther’s Law (Johannes Walther)

Question 8

What is Walther’s law used for?

Answer 8

to work out lateral relationships by easily observing vertical facies relationships

Question 9

Does Walther’s law apply only to conformable sequences of rocks?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Scientific study of fossils

Answer 10

Paleontology

Question 11

remains or traces of prehistoric organisms preserved commonly in sedimentary rocks

Answer 11

fossils

Question 12

type of fossil recognized for having skeletal parts, shells, bones, and teeth

Answer 12

body fossils

Question 13

type of fossil that indicates organic activity recognized by tracks, trails, burrows, nests, and feces (coprolite)

Answer 13

Trace Fossils

Question 14

a type of fossil preservation wherein the original composition and structure are preserved

Answer 14

body fossils-unaltered remains

Question 15

a type of fossil preservation wherein change in the composition/structure of original material is observed

Answer 15

body fossils-altered remains

Question 16

a type of fossil preservation wherein any indication of organic activity such as tracks, trails, burrows, droppings, and nests are observed

Answer 16

trace fossils/ ichnofossils

Question 17

a type of fossil preservation where a mold (the cavity with shape) is casted (mold is filled by minerals/sediments)

Answer 17

molds and casts

Question 18

organisms are frozen in sediment

Answer 18

freezing

Question 19

soft tissues are shriveled and organism is air dried

Answer 19

mummification (drying/dessication)

Question 20

organisms are trapped and preserved in hardened tree resin

Answer 20

preservation in amber

Question 21

organisms and their remains are preserved in asphaltlike substance at oil seeos

Answer 21

Preservation in Tar

Question 22

minerals grow in pores and cavities

Answer 22

permineralization

Question 23

change in crystal structure

Answer 23

recrystallization

Question 24

a chemical compound replaces another

Answer 24

replacement

Question 25

volatile elements from organic matter leaves a carbon film; common for leaves & insects

Answer 25

carbonization

Question 26

how was Lyuba preserved?

Answer 26

Freezing

Question 27

She's a 40,000 year old frozen wooly mammoth known as the best preserved mammoth fossil in the world; she was found in Yamal Peninsula, Russia

Answer 27

Lyuba

Question 28

another 40,000 year old frozen mammoth found in NE Siberia

Answer 28

Dima

Question 29

True or False: Desiccation cannot preserve and organism's skin and soft tissues

Answer 29

False

Question 30

this is the tiny dinosaur whose tail was preserved in amber

Answer 30

Coelorosaurs

Question 31

another term for tar pit

Answer 31

asphalt pit or asphalt lake

Question 32

True or false: Tar pits are created due to petroleum leaking to the surface where lighter components vaporize and leave behind the thick asphalt

Answer 32

True

Question 33

the process of turning living organic material into stone.

Answer 33

petrification

Question 34

happens when pores of organisms are permeated by mineral matter

Answer 34

permineralization

Question 35

common minerals that form permineralized fossils

Answer 35

calcite, iron, and silica

Question 36

takes place when water dissolves the original hard parts and replaces them with mineral matter.

Answer 36

replacement

Question 37

common minerals during replacement

Answer 37

calcite, silica, pyrite, and hematite

Question 38

True or false: At its extreme, carbonization reduces plants and animals to shiny black or brown film.

Answer 38

true

Question 39

This often has the fine detail of the surface of the original organism.

Answer 39

external mold

Question 40

forms when sand or clay commonly fills such things as empty shells of snails and clams

Answer 40

internal cast

Question 41

the cavity duplicating the original inner surface of the organism

Answer 41

cast

Question 42

type of trace fossil formed in soft sediments

Answer 42

burrows

Question 43

type of trace fossils made by organisms in hard substrate

Answer 43

borings

Question 44

stones found in stomachs

Answer 44

gastroliths