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Praxis 1 > Foundation - concept 1 > Flashcards

Foundation - concept 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Cholesterol

A

A waxy lipid soluble compound found in foods of animal origin and synthesised in the liver.

chol/e means bile

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2
Q

Epitheliail

A

Involving the outer layer of the skin

Epi - unpon, on or over

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3
Q

Erythrocyte

A

A mature red blood cell

Erythr/o -red
Cyt/o- cell or cytoplasm

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4
Q

Hypertonic

A

A solution that has greater osmotic pressure than normal tissue fluid

hyper-excessive or above
ton-pressure
ic -relating to

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5
Q

Hypotonic

A

A solution that has lower osmotic pressure than another one.

hypo-beneath, under or deficient
ton-pressure
ic- relating to

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6
Q

Leukocyte

A

A white blood cell

Leuco/leuko- White
Cyt- Cell

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7
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms

meta - change or beyond

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8
Q

Diarrhoea

A

The frequent passage of loose watery stools

Dia - between, through, apart
rrhoea - flow or discharge

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9
Q

Equilibrium

A

A state of balance

Equi - equal

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10
Q

Hyperkalaemia

A

Greater than normal concentrations of potassium in the blood

Hyper - excess or above
Kal/l - Potassium
Aemia - Blood condition

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11
Q

Hypernatraemia

A

A greater than normal concentration of sodium in the blood

Hyper - excess or above
natr/o - sodium
aemia - blood condition

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12
Q

Hyperventilation

A

A breathing rate greater than that metabolically necessary for gas exchange

Hyper - excess or above
Ventilation - provide with air

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13
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A portion of the brain lying beneath the thalamus at the base of the crebrun

Hypo - beneath

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14
Q

`Hetoacidosis

A

Acidosis accompanied by an accumulation of ketones in the body

Osis - state or condition

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15
Q

Asymptomatic

A

Without symptoms

A - without, lack of or not

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16
Q

Diastolic

A

The blood pressure at the instant of maximum cardiac relaxation

Diastole - the phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart relaxes between contractions

ic - relating to

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17
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of tissue to regain its original shape and size after being stretched or deformed

Elastic - Capable of stretching
it - state or condition

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18
Q

Hypertension

A

Persistently high blood pressure

Hyper - above or excess

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19
Q

Hypotension

A

Abnormally low arterial blood pressure

Hypo - under, deficient or beneath

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20
Q

Peripheral

A

Relating to the periphery ( the outer surface or circumference)

peri - around

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21
Q

sphymomanometer

A

An instrument for measuring the arterial blood pressure

sphygmo/o - pulse
meter - instrument used to measure

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22
Q

Stethoscope

A

Instrument for listening to internal body sounds, especially the heart and lungs

steth/o - chest
scope - instrument for examining

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23
Q

Systolic

A

The highest pressure of the blood reached during the systole

systole - the period of contraction of the heart

ic - relating to

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24
Q

Viscosity

A

The ability or inability of a fluid to flow easily

it - state or condition

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25
TPR
Temperature, pulse and respirations
26
Afebrile A- Feb-Rile
Without fever A- without Febrile - relating to fever
27
Apnoea
An absence of spontaneous breathing A- Without, a lack of, not pnoea - breathing
28
Axilla
Armpit
29
Bradycardia
Abnormally low rate of heart contractions and slow pulse brady - slow Cardi/a - Of the heart
30
Circadian Rhythm
The rhythm of certain biological activities that take place daily Circadian - a period of 24 hours
31
Diaphoresis
Perspiration Diaphor/o - sweat Esis - State or condition
32
Dyspnoea
Difficult or laboured breathing Dys - Difficult, disordered, painful Pnoea - breathing
33
Dysrhythmia
Disturbance of a regularly occurring pattern Dys - Difficult, disordered, painful
34
Febrile
Relating to fever
35
Hyperthermia
An exceedingly high body temperature Hyper - excessive, above or beyond Thermo - heat
36
Hypothermia
A severe reduction in body temperature Hypo - under, deficient or beneath Thermo - heat
37
Pyrexia
Fever Pyr/o - fever or heat ia - state or condition
38
Tachycardia
Abnormal rapid action of the heart and increase in pulse rate Tachy - rapid or fasat Cardi/a - of the heart
39
Dyspepsia
A vague feeling of epigastric discomfort after eating Dys - Difficult, disorded or painful pepsia - digestion
40
Disphagia
Difficulty in swallowing Dys - Difficult, disorded or painful Phag/o - eating
41
Disphasia
Difficulty in speaking, partial loss of language Dys - Difficult, disorded or painful Phas/o - speech
42
Dysuria
Difficult or painful urination Dys - Difficult, disorded or painful Ure - Pertaining to urine or the urinary tract
43
Polydipsia
Excessive thirst Poly - many, much or excessive Dips/o - thirst
44
Polyphagia
Excessive, uncontrolled eating Poly - many, much or excessive phag/o - eating
45
Polyuria
Excretion of an abnormally large amount of urine Poly - many, much or excessive Ure/uria - urine
46
Solution
A mixture of solvent and solution
47
Solvent
Something that dissolves the other substance
48
Solute
Substance that is dissolved by another substance
49
Hydrophilic
Water loving , molecules that are able to be dissolved in water ( soluble)
50
Hydrophobic
Non water loving, repels water, molecules taht are unable to be dissolved in water
51
Passive ( transport)
Transport that uses no energy
52
Active ( Transport)
Transport that uses energy in the form of ATP
53
ICF
Intracellular fluid - Fluid inside the cell
54
ECF
Extracellular fluid - fluid outside the cell
55
How much of the bodies fluid is ECF ?
35%
56
How much of the bodies fluid is ICF?
65%
57
Superior
Towards the head
58
Inferior
Towards the feet
59
Medial
Towards the midline
60
Lateral
Away from the midline, towards the outer of the body
61
Prosterior
Towards the back
62
Anterior
Towards the tummy
63
Superficial
On the surface
64
Deep
Further away from the bodies surface
65
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment
66
Distal
Further away from the point of attachment
67
What are the two ventral cavities?
Thorcaic - lies above the diaphragm Abdominopelivic - lies below the diaphragm
68
What are the two Dorsal cavities?
Cranial cavity | Spinal cavity
69
Osmosis
Movement of h2o dependent upon solute concentration
70
Diffusion
Movement of solutes from an area of high to low concentration . E.G. Gas exchange
71
What is the function of the "control centre" in homeostasis?
Control centre is usually the brain. Control centre receives message and decides what needs to happen in order to return the condition to its normal state. It then sends a message to the effector
72
What is the function of the "effector" in homeostasis?
The body organ or part that will effect change or make the change happen
73
What is the function of the "effector" in homeostasis?
The body organ or part that will effect change or make the change happen.
74
What is the most common buffer found in the human body?
Bicarbonate
75
What is the normal range of blood pH?
7.35-7.45
76
Febrile
With fever
77
Afebrile
No fever
78
Pyrexia
Fever
79
Rigors
Chills and shivering
80
Radiation
Transfer of heat from one surface to another without contact
81
Conduction
Transfer of heat through contract with solids, liquids and gases
82
Convection
Transfer of heat through air
83
Evaporation
When liquid is changed into a gas
84
Diaphoresis
Profuse sweating
85
Thermoregulation
Balance between heat lost and heat produced
86
Ventilation
The movement of gases into and out of the lungs
87
Diffusion
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and red blood cells
88
Perfusion
The distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries
89
Apnoea
No breathing
90
Dyspnoea
Difficulty/laboured breathing
91
Othopnoea
Breathing easier when sitting up
92
Cardiac Output
The amount of blood pumped by the heart over 1 minute
93
Peripheral vascular resistance
opposition to blood flow through the arteries
94
Blood volume
Amount of blood in the circulatory system
95
Blood viscosity
Affects how the blood flows through small vessels. Thickness and stickiness of the blood
96
Systolic
When the ventricles of the heart push blood through
97
Diastolic
When the ventricles of the heart relax
98
What are the normal BP ranges?
110-140 / 60-90
99
What is the normal pulse ranges?
60-100
100
What is the normal blood PH?
7.35-7.45
101
What is it called if blood pH goes above 7.45?
Acidosis
102
What is it called if blood pH goes below 7.35?
Alkalosis
103
Whats the normal temperature ranges?
36-37.5
104
What is the normal respiration rate?
12-20
105
What is the definition of blood pressure?
Force of blood against the side of the vessel walls
106
Name the assesment sites for taking temperature?
Armpit Oral Tympanic Anal/Rectal
107
Ventilation
The movement of gases into and out of the lungs
108
Diffusion ( Respirations)
The movement of 02 and CO2 between alveoli and red blood cells
109
Perfusion
The distribution of red blood cells to and from pulmonary capillaries
110
Apnoea
No breathing
111
give an example of a weak acid
Carbonic acid
112
Why is acid base balance important?
The body needs to maintain a balance of pH 7.35-7.45. Dropping blood pH can cause real issues in the body. If Blood PH drops from 7.35 to 7.26 it has issues with the brain function, nausea, breathing rate increase, drowsy
113
Explain how buffers work
A Buffer is a solution that resists changes in PH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. It maintains its PH. If any acid is added to the buffer, the base part of the buffer reacts with it , so removes it. If any base is added to the buffer the acid part of the buffer reacts with it so removes it. Any added acid (H+) will react with the base part of the buffer and be neutralised/Removed. Any added base (OH-) will react with the acid part of the buffer and be neutralised/ Removed.

Praxis 1 (6 decks)

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