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Physical Chemistry Fall 2015 > Foundations > Flashcards

Flashcards in Foundations Deck (32)
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1
Q

Bulk Matter

A

consists of large number of atoms molecules or ions,

2
Q

Properties of bulk matter

A

the state of a sample of matter is defined by specifying the values of various properties. Among them are

mass

volume

amount of substance

3
Q

Translation

A

the motion of a particle through space

4
Q

Velocity

A

the rate of change of its position

v=dr/dt

5
Q

Linear momentum

A

of a particle of mass m is related to its velocity,v , by

p=mv

6
Q

angular momentum J

A

the rotational motion if a particle about a central point

J=Iω

ω-angular velocity

I-moment of inertia

7
Q

Moment of Inertia

A

a measure of a bodys resistance to rotational acceleration

I=mr2

8
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

A

the rate of change of momentum is equal to the force acting on the particle

dp/dt=F

9
Q

Newtons

A

1 N = 1kgms-2

10
Q

torque

A

a twisting force

T=dI/dt

11
Q

Work

A

is done in order to achieve motion against an opposing force

  • dw = -F*ds*
  • F*ds=Fxdx + Fydy + Fz*
12
Q

Energy

A

is the capacity to do work

13
Q

Joule

A

1 J= 1N*m=1 kg m2 s-2

14
Q

Power

A

the rate of supply of energy

1 W = 1 J s-1

15
Q

kinetic energy

A

of a body is the energy the body possesses as a result of its motion

Ek = 1/2 mv2 = F2t2/2m

16
Q

Potential Energy

A

of a body is the energy it possesses as a result of its position

17
Q

total energy

A

of a particle is the sum of its kinetic and potential energies

18
Q

Coulomb potential energy

A

the potential energy between two electrons charges

19
Q

Thermodynamics

A

the systemic discussion of the transfer and transformation of energy in bulk matter

20
Q

internal energy

A

total energy of a system

21
Q

1st Law

A

states that the internal energy is constant in a system isolated from external influences

the internal energy of a sample of matter increases as its temperature is raised

ΔU = CΔ​T

22
Q

Entropy

A

S, is a measure of the measure of the quality of the energy of a system

23
Q

2nd Law of thermodynamics

A

states that any spontaneous (that is, natural) change in an isolated system is accompanied by an increase in the entropy of a system

the natural direction of change is accompanied by dispersal of energy from a localized region or its conversion to less organized from

24
Q

Gibbs free energy

A

is a measure of the energy stored in a system that is free to do useful work

is at a minimum when temperature and pressure are constant

25
Q

quantized

A

restricted to certain discrete values

theses permitted energies are called energy levels

allowed energies are widest apart - for particles of small mass confined to small regions of space

quantization is very unimportant for macroscopic bodies and very important for electrons in atoms and molecules

G = H - TS

26
Q

Boltzmann distribution

A

Ni/Nj = e-(ε​ij)/kT

27
Q

Average speed of molecules

Perfect gas

A

vmean =(8RT/πM)1/2

28
Q

Wavelength

A

the distance between the neighbouring peaks of the wave

29
Q

frequency

A

the number of time per secound at which its displacement ae a fixed point returns to its original value

30
Q

electromagnetic field

A

an oscillating electric and magnetic disturbance that spreads as a harmonic wave through space

31
Q

electric field

A

act on charged particle (whether stationary or moving)

32
Q

magnetic field

A

acts only on moving charged particles