Foundations for the study of Africa and the meadle east

Question 1

Were is Middle East?

Answer 1

North

Question 2

How many subregions does Africa has?

Answer 2

4
- West Africa
-East Africa
-central Africa
Southern Africa

Question 3

How was Known the Pre-Islamic Arabia by the Muslim and what does it meant?

Answer 3

Jahiliyya - period of ignorance

Question 4

First two empires wich were rivals

Answer 4

-Sassanian
-Byzantine

Question 5

year of the Byzantinne-Sassanian war

Answer 5

602 - 628 CE

Question 6

Year in which Muhammad started recieving divine revelations

Answer 6

610 CE

Question 7

Muhammad’s migration from Mecca to Medina marked the beginning of…

Answer 7

The year 0 = the Islamic calendar

Question 8

Which event gave birth to Islamic empire

Answer 8

630 - the recuperation of Mecca by beating notables and Jewish

Question 9

Dead of Muhammad

Answer 9

632

Question 10

Who was the first succesor?

Answer 10

Abu Bakr

Question 11

What was the Rashidum Caliphate?

Answer 11

The period of governance of the first 4 Calips (632 - 661)

Question 12

Names of the Caliph in cronologycal order

Answer 12

1.- Abu Bakr
2.- Umar Inb al-Kathabb
3.- Uthman
4.- Ali

Question 13

Name of the emerged empires due to Alis Caliphate

Answer 13

Sunni and Shi’a

Question 14

Meaning of “Fitna”

Answer 14

Civil war

Question 15

Years of the first Fitna

Answer 15

656 - 661 CE

Question 16

What caliphate was overthrew in the first Fitna and which one was established

Answer 16

Rashidun and the umayyad caliphate was established

Question 17

battles between the first Fitna

Answer 17

-Battle of the Camel: Ali vs Aisha 565
-Battle of Siffin: Ali vs Mu’awiya 567

Question 18

Who won the Battle of the camel

Answer 18

Ali

Question 19

What happened on the battle of Siffin

Answer 19

Al’s army defeated Mu’awuya and his response was to copy coran scripts - this led Ali to stop the battle and get to agreements

Question 20

what was the agreement between Ali and Mu’awiya

Answer 20

Mu’awiya will surrender and suffer no consequences and he will recognized Ali as Caliph

Question 21

Why did the Kharijites emerged?

Answer 21

Because of the anger ob Ali’s followers at the previous agreement

Question 22

year of the assassination of Ali

Answer 22

661 by a Kharijitie

Question 23

What happened after Ali’s assassination?

Answer 23

Hassan is the successor (Ali’s son)

Question 24

What happened between Hassan and Mu’awiya

Answer 24

They fight but stoped with a treaty in 661

Question 25

What was the treaty of 661 that finished the first Fitna

Answer 25

Hassan Mu'awiya treaty of 661

Question 26

What does the Hassan Mu'awiya treaty of 661 said?

Answer 26

Hassan will abdicate and recognize Mu'awiya as Caliph only if his successor was elected by a group of scholars.

Question 27

What happened to Hassan after the treaty

Answer 27

He was poisoned

Question 28

How did Hussayn, Hassan's brother is involucrated

Answer 28

Mu'awiya does not respected the treaty and elected his son Yazid asthe new Caliph, thats why Hussayn enters and fight with Yazid

Question 29

How is the Battle between Yazid and Husayn's called and what is its characteristic?

Answer 29

Battle of the Karbala 680 and it was the SECOND FITNA

Question 30

Nowadays whos majority shia's or sunni's?

Answer 30

Shia

Question 31

Years of the Ummayad Caliph

Answer 31

661 (with the recognition of Mu'awiya as caliph) - 750 CE

Question 32

who was the first Ummayad Caliph

Answer 32

Mu'awiya

Question 33

where does the capital moves, due to the Umayyad Caliph?

Answer 33

At Damascus because there was Mu'awiya

Question 34

Wich region does the Islam reached during that period?

Answer 34

al-Ándalus (now spain)

Question 35

What was al-Ándalus?

Answer 35

A muslime-ruled area, from 711 - 1492

Question 36

Why does the Ummayad Caliph ends?

Answer 36

Due to internal rebellion

Question 37

Abbasid Caliph years

Answer 37

750 - 1258 CE

Question 38

Where was now the captial?

Answer 38

Baghdad

Question 39

Characteristics of the Abbasid Caliphate

Answer 39

- Arts and science flourished - Multi Ethnic and polytheist religious empire

Question 40

When was the Decline of the Abbasid Empire and why?

Answer 40

13th century due to the Mongol invasion

Question 41

Ottoman Caliphate was the successor of which Caliphate?

Answer 41

Abbasid Caliphate

Question 42

Date of the Ottoman Caliphate

Answer 42

started in the 13th century by UTHMAN in the Antolian peninsula

Question 43

Characteristics of the Ottoman Calophate?

Answer 43

- Reached it Apex in the 16th century - Westward expanssion after the fall of Conatantinople 1453

Question 44

End of the Ottoman Caliphate

Answer 44

18 th century

Question 45

Order of the Caliphates

Answer 45

1.-. Rashidun Caliphate 2.- Umayyad Caliphate 3.- Abbasid Caliphate 4.- Ottoman Caliphate