Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

AP Psych > Foundations: History > Flashcards

Foundations: History Flashcards

1
Q

psychology

A

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

behavior

A

he way an organism reacts to changes in its internal condition or external environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mind and brain

A

the brain is the physical matter. The mind is the thoughts and ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

rene descartes

A

17th century French philosopher; wrote Discourse on Method; 1st principle “i think therefore i am”; believed mind and matter were completely separate; known as father of modern rationalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

dualism

A

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

john locke

A

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

empiricism

A

the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tabula rasa

A

John Locke’s concept of the mind as a blank sheet ultimately bombarded by sense impressions that, aided by human reasoning, formulate ideas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

thomas hobbes

A

English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

materialism

A

a tendency to consider material possessions and physical comfort as more important than spiritual values.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

charles darwin

A

English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

evolutionary theory

A

A theory presented by the naturalist Charles Darwin; it views the history of a species in terms of the inherited, adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity, and of behavior.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

natural selection

A

A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

wilhelm wundt

A

german physiologist who founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

structuralism

A

an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

edward titchener

A

Student of Wilhelm Wundt; founder of Structuralist school of psychology.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

introspection

A

A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

william james

A

1842-1910; Field: functionalism; Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in our environment; Studies: Pragmatism, The Meaning of Truth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dorothea dix

A

A reformer and pioneer in the movement to treat the insane as mentally ill, beginning in the 1820’s, she was responsible for improving conditions in jails, poorhouses and insane asylums throughout the U.S. and Canada. She succeeded in persuading many states to assume responsibility for the care of the mentally ill. She served as the Superintendant of Nurses for the Union Army during the Civil War.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

mary whiton calkins

A

American psychologist who conducted research on memory, personality, and dreams; first woman president of the American Psychological Association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

margaret floy washburn - First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd president of the APA (1921)

A

First female to be awarded a PhD in psychology; 2nd president of the APA (1921)

23
Q

g. stanley hall

A

american psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association

24
Q

biological psychology

A

a branch of psychology concerned with the links between biology and behavior

25
behavioral genetics
the study of the effects of heredity on behavior
26
behaviorism
the science of behavior that focuses on observable behavior only
27
john watson and classical conditioning
American Psychologist often referred to as the father of behaviorism; a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
28
b.f. skinner and operant conditioning
Personality development is based on behaviors that are either rewarded or punished in the environment. "personality" may just be sustained behavioral patterns.
29
behavior modification
the use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired changes in behavior
30
cognitive psychology
the scientific study of mental processes, including perception, thought, memory, and reasoning
31
humanistic approach
An approach to psychology emphasizing a person's positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose any destiny.
32
abraham maslow and self-actualization
Hierarchy of needs, well-adjusted people try to "actualize" themselves; live in a way that enhances their own growth and fulfillment, regardless of what others think, unconventional and creative thinkers, realists, set goals, form deep close relationships
33
carl rogers and unconditional positive regard
the basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does, especially in the context of client-centered therapy
34
psychodynamic/psychoanalytic approach
A view developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thought, feelings, and behavior.
35
sigmund freud
Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
36
psychoanalytic theory
A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
37
Conscious mind
level of the mind that is aware of immediate surroundings and perceptions
38
unconscious mind
level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness
39
repressed
restrained, inhibited, or oppressed
40
sociocultural approach
An approach to psychology that examines the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior.
41
evolutionary approach
An approach to psychology centered on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.
42
biopsychosocial approach
an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis
43
biological domain
Humans are collections of biological systems, and these systems provide building blocks for behavior, thought, and emotion
44
social domain
the domain that focuses on an individual's relationships within family, social groups, and the community
45
cognitive domain
The domain involved in the learning and storage of basic knowledge. It is the thinking portion of the learning process and incorporates an individual's previous experiences and perceptions; the learning/thinking domain.
46
counseling domain
a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
47
developmental domain
An area of development such as fine and gross motor skills, cognitive abilities, self-help capabilities, and social and communication skills.
48
educational domain
studies how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning
49
experimental domain
Studies behavior and thinking using the experimental method
50
industrial-organizational domain
the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
51
personality domain
those aspects of development that involve acquiring relatively stable and enduring traits, as well as a sense of self as an individual
52
psychometric domain
Measures a person's psychological attributes such as knowledge, skills, problem-solving ability, and other abilities someone might need to work in a specific field
53
positive domain
study of human functioning; goal to discover and promote strengths that help people thrive

AP Psych (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions