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Foundations/Multi D Flashcards

1
Q

PPE includes:

A

Scrub suits, masks, eye protection, gowns, gloves, accessories (caps, beard covers, shoe covers)

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2
Q

PPE Donning Order:

A

From the bottom up
Gown, mask, goggles, gloves (When raised above the head)

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3
Q

PPE Doffing Order:

A

Alphabetical order
Gloves, goggles, gown, mask

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4
Q

Contact Precautions:

A

Wash hands, wear gloves, wear gown, patient dedicated equipment, private/cohort rooms, limit patient transport to essential purposes only
EX: MRSA, staph, VRE, C Diff.

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5
Q

Droplet Precautions:

A

Wash hands, wear mask, private room preferred, limit patient transport to essential purposes only and patient must wear mask
EX: Strep, flu, COVID-19, Mumps

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6
Q

Airborne Precautions:

A

Wash hands, wear N-95 respirator, private room with negative air flow (Door must be closed), limit patient transport to essential purposes only and patient must wear mask
EX: TB, Chickenpox, Measles

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7
Q

Vital Signs Include:

A

Pain, temperature, heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, respiration, walking speed

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8
Q

Temperature Normative Values:

A

Normative: 96.8-99.3 degrees F
Average: 98.6 degrees F
Fever: Over 100 degree F

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9
Q

Heart Rate Normative Values:

A

Adults: 60-100 bpm
Children 1-10 y/o: 70-130 bpm
Newborns: 100-150 bpm

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10
Q

Factors Affecting Heart Rate:

A

Age, sex, environmental temp, infection, physical activity, emotional status, medications, cardiopulmonary disease, physical conditioning

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11
Q

Respiratory Rate Normative Values

A

Adults: 12-18/min
Infants: 30-50/min

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12
Q

Factors Affecting Respiratory Rate:

A

Age, physical activity, emotional status, air quality, altitude, disease, medication

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13
Q

Pulse Oximetry Normative Values:

A

Normative: 95-100%
Hypoxemia: <90%

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14
Q

Blood Pressure Normative Values:

A

Normal: <120 and <80
Elevated: 120-129 and <80
Stage 1: 130-139 or 80-89
Stage 2: >140 or 90-99
Crisis: >180 and/or >120

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15
Q

Factors Affecting Blood Pressure:

A

Age, physical activity, emotional status, medications, size/condition of artery, arm position, muscle contraction, blood volume, dehydration, cardiac output, site of measurement

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16
Q

Cycle of Cross Contamination and Infection:

A
  1. Reservoir for organism/host (Person with Covid-19)
  2. Method of exit for the organism
  3. Method of transmission of the organism
  4. Method of entry of the organism into a new host
  5. Susceptible host (Infection develops in new host)
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17
Q

What is Asepsis?

A

Absence of microorganisms that produce disease, the prevention of infection by maintaining a sterile condition

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18
Q

What is Medical Asepsis?

A

Practice that helps reduce the number and spread of microorganisms (PPE)

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19
Q

What is Surgical Asepsis?

A

Practices that render and keep objects and areas free of all microorganisms (surgical scrub)

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20
Q

Nosocomial/Hospital Acquired Infections:

A

Pertaining only to infections originating in a hospital

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21
Q

Dependent/Total Assist

A

Requires total physical assistance from one or more persons to accomplish the activity safely
0-24% of the activity is completed by the patient

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22
Q

Maximal Assist (max A):

A

Patient performs 25-49% of activity, assistance required to complete activity

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23
Q

Moderate Assist (mod A):

A

Patient performs 50-74% of activity, assistance required to complete activity

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24
Q

Minimal Assist (min A):

A

Patient performs 75% or more of activity, assistance required to complete activity

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25
Contact Guarding (CGA):
Caregiver positioned close to the patient with hands on the patient or gait belt, protection required during activity
26
Standby/Supervision Assist (SBA):
Verbal or tactile cues, directions, or instructions required from caregiver positioned close to patient, but not touching patient performing activity
27
Modified Independent (Mod I):
Patient is able to perform task independently but uses adaptive or assistive equipment or requires additional time
28
Independent (I):
Patient can perform transfer without any type of verbal or manual assistance
29
Verbal Cues:
Verbal or tactile cues, directions, instructions, or set-up required from caregiver but patient able to perform activity without direct assistance
30
Wheelchair Seat Height Measurements:
Heel of the shoe (with footwear) to popliteal fold. Then add 2 inches to allow clearance of footrests If a seat cushion is used, do not add inches
31
Wheelchair Leg Length Measurements:
No patient measurement Minimum clearance between floor and footplate is 2 inches measured from the lowest part on the bottom of the footplate
32
Wheelchair Seat Depth Measurements:
Posterior buttock to the posterior aspect of the lower leg on the popliteal fossa Subtract two inches from patient's measurements
33
Wheelchair Seat Width Measurements:
Patients hip width at widest part and add 2 inches
34
Wheelchair Back Height Measurements:
Varies depending on amount of support needed For standard adult w/c, measure from the seat of the chair to the axilla, then subtract 4 inches Patient must be measured sitting on cushion if cushion will be used
35
Wheelchair Arm Rest Height Measurements:
From the seat of the chair to the olecranon process with the patient's elbow flexed at 90 degrees, then add 1 inch Patient must be measured sitting on cushion of cushion will be used
36
Purpose of Cushions for Wheelchairs:
- Improve pelvic position - Relieves pressure
37
ICF Model: Body Functions:
The physiological functions of body systems (including psychological functions)
38
ICF Model: Body Structures:
Anatomical parts of the body such as organs, limbs, and their components
39
ICF Model: Activity:
The execution of a task or action by an individual
40
ICF Model: Participation:
Involvement in a life situation
41
ICF Model: Environmental Factors:
The physical, social, and attitudinal environment in which people live and conduct their lives. These are either barriers to or facilitators of the person's functioning
42
ICF Model: Personal Factors:
Demographic information about the patient. Attributes that are static at the time of impairment
43
Define Disability
A person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity
44
Physical/Mental Impairment:
Any physiological disorder or condition, cosmetic disfigurement, or anatomic loss affecting one or more of the body systems
45
Reasonable Accommodation:
Making modifications at the job site/workplace that enable a person with disabilities to easily perform a specific job
46
Undue Burden:
An action necessary to provide reasonable accommodations that would cause the employer/owner significant difficulty or expense
47
Qualified Individual with a Disability:
A person who can perform the essential functions of a given job/activity with/without the benefit of reasonable accommodations
48
ADA: Ramps:
Width: 36" Minimum Rise: For every 1" of rise, you need 12" or 1' of run Length: Ramps can be up to 30' long before a flat area is needed
49
ADA: Wheelchair Passage Width:
- 48" is the minimum width needed for an ambulatory person to pass a non-ambulatory/semi-ambulatory person - 60" is the minimum width needed for two ambulatory/semi-ambulatory people to pass
50
ADA: Landings:
Ramps shall have level landings at bottom and top of each ramp and each ramp run - The landing shall be at least as wide as the ramp leading up to it - The landing length shall be a minimum of 5 feet in length
51
ADA: Turns:
- If ramps change direction at landings, the minimum landing size shall be 5x5 feet - Right and left hand turns need a 5x5 foot landing - U-turns require a 5 ft by twice the ramp width landing
52
ADA: Handrails:
- If a ramp run has a rise greater than 6" then it shall have handrails - Handrails should be 34-38" in height
53
ADA: Edge Protection:
Ramps and landings with drop-offs shall have curbs, walls, railings, or projecting surfaces that prevent people from slipping off the ramp. Curbs shall be a minimum of 2" high
54
ADA: Door Width:
Minimum: 32" Preferred: 36"
55
ADA: Safety/Grab Bars:
24-30" long, height and position according to the patient's needs - Grab bars MUST be attached to floor, wall stud, or reinforced underlay
56
Ascending Stairs:
- Up with the good - Strong side next to the railing (if possible) - Advance strong LE to the next step - Advance assistive device to the next step - Advance injured LE to the next step (or may move with assistive device)
57
Descending Stairs:
- Down with the bad - Strong side next to the railing (if possible) - Advance assistive device to the next step - Advance injured LE to the next step - Advance strong LE to the next step
58
Fitting a Cane:
- Greater trochanter or ulnar styloid and angle at the elbow - Assess the height of the cane/walker according to patient comfort and effective function; watch them use it
59
Fitting Axillary Crutches:
- 2" below axilla (can use 2-3 fingers) - 2" lateral and 4-6" anterior to foot - Hand position should allow 20-25 degrees of elbow flexion
60
Fitting Forearm Crutches:
- 2" lateral and 4-6 inches anterior to foot - Hand position should allow 20-25 degrees of elbow flexion - Cuff placement should be in the proximal third of the forearm approximately 1-1.5" below the elbow
61
Parallel Bars:
- Parallel bars provide maximum stability, security, and safety - Allow the patient to work on pre-ambulation and balance activities - Initial instruction in a gait pattern might begin in the parallel bars
62
Health Condition:
Pathology, disorder, disease, injury, trauma or congenital anomaly. Usually diagnosed by a physician
63
Physical Therapy Diagnosis:
Takes the medical (health) condition/pathology and puts it in the framework of the ICF model to define how it effects the person's function and how the condition causes disability
64
Activity Limitations:
Difficulties an individual may have in performing actions, tasks, and "usual activities"
65
Participation Restrictions:
Problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations
66
Differential Diagnosis:
A systematic process to classify an individual into a diagnostic category
67
Acute Care Setting - Hospital:
- Inpatient services to clients with unstable medical conditions - 24 hour/day highly skilled medical services from physicians, nursing, and health professionals - EX: Community hospitals, large medical centers, level 1 trauma centers, and specialty hospitals - PT is valuable in reducing hospital length of stay and preventing patient readmission
68
Inpatient Rehab Facility (IRF)/Acute Rehab Facility (ARF):
- Inpatient care to residents that are relatively medically stable - 24 hour nursing care, a minimum of weekly physician visits, and must be able to participate in at least 3 hours, 5 days per week of skilled therapy, at least 2 therapy services required - Average LOS = 13.1 days
69
Long Term Acute Care Hospital (LTACH):
- Requires very close medical supervision (slightly less than hospital as patient is considered stable) - Can receive therapy services, but likely limited in time
70
Sub Acute/Skilled Nursing Facilities (SNF):
- Inpatient care with 24 hour nursing supervision - Must be able to tolerate at least 1 hour of skilled physical rehabilitation per day up to 2.5 hours - Patients typically stay longer than 2 weeks
71
Assisted Living with Respite Care and Home Health Services:
- Private pay for temporary stay in assisted living facility - Respite care - a short period of relief from something difficult or unpleasant
72
Home Health Care (HH):
- Services including skilled nursing and rehabilitation - Delivered in the home setting - Patients must be home bound
73
Long Term Care Facilities (LTC):
- Varying levels of supervised living arrangements (RN/LPN) - Clients are unable to safely manage independent living
74
Integ System - Function:
- Temperature regulation - Protection - Sensation - Excretion - Immunity - Blood reservoir - Vitamin D synthesis
75
Burns - Superficial:
- Epidermis only, no blisters - Red, Painful
76
Burns - Superficial Partial Thickness:
- Epidermis and superficial dermis - Blisters, red, painful
77
Burns - Deep Partial Thickness:
- Majority dermis - Hair follicles/sweat glands intact
78
Burns - Full Thickness:
- Subcutaneous fat layer - Minimal pain - Susceptible to infection - Increased depth = decreasing pain
79
Burns - Subdermal:
- Muscle, bone, adipose tissue injury - Insensate
80
Cardiopulm Care- Core Vital Signs:
- Heart rate - Respiratory rate - Blood pressure - Edema
81
Orthostatic Hypotension:
- Significant drop in BP due to pooling of blood in peripheral vessels - An important part of fall risk assessments
82
Assessing Orthostatic Hypotension:
- SBP decrease of 20 mm Hg or more - DBP decrease of 10 mm Hg or more - HR increase of 10 bpm or more
83
Sternotomy Precautions:
- No lifiting over 10 pounds - No pushing/pulling with arms - No shoulder flexion over 90 degrees - No shoulder horizontal abduction - Heart hugger vest for cough (pillow for splinting)
84
Posterior Hip Precautions:
- No hip flexion greater than 90 degrees - No hip adduction past midline - No hip internal rotation
85
Anterior Hip Precautions:
- No hip extension past neutral - No active hip abduction - No hip external rotation past neutral
86
Total Knee Precautions:
- No twisting of LE in weight bearing position - No sitting with legs crossed - Avoid low soft chairs - Do not forcefully bend operated knee - Do not kneel on operated knee - Use of walker (days/weeks/as needed)
87
Shoulder Precautions:
- NWB and immobilized constantly unless receiving PROM - Surgeon prescribed PROM of shoulder - No abduction or extension past neutral - AROM elbow, wrist, hand
88
Amputation Management:
- Positioning and compression for edema control - Positioning to avoid contractures (avoid hip and knee flexion positioning) - Benefits of early ROM, strength, mobility training - Discussion of pain management, phantom pain
89
Spinal Precautions:
- No twisting of the spine - No bending of the spine - No exercises/ lifting that will increase intra-abdominal pressure extensively
90
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS):
- 0-42 scale Very Severe: >25 Severe: 15-24 Mild/Moderately Severe: 5-14 Mild: 1-5
91
White Blood Cells:
Adult: 5,00-10,000 Critical: ,2,500 or >30,000
92
Hemoglobin:
Male: 14-18 Female: 12-16 Critical: <5 or >20
93
Hematocrit:
Male: 42-52% Female: 12-16% Critical <15% or >60%

Comp Exam (4 decks)

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