Foundations of the Atlantic World Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is Mercantilism ?
Economic theory where a Nation’s power relies on the amount of gold and silver it holds.
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas
where a new line cut across the Eastern bulge of the south American Continent but left the rest of the America’s to Spain
Treaty of Zaragoza?
Divided the Pacific Ocean between Spain and Portugal, the Maluku Islands were awarded to Portugal understanding the if Spain wished to claim it, it would need to compensate Portugal
Columbian Exchange?
Where physical products, cultural traditions, religious practices and enslaved people were traded and reshaped, blended or destroyed civilizations.
The 1479 Treaty of Alcacovas?
Where Portugal renounced claim to the Spanish and granted Spanish control of the Canary Islands, in exchange Portugal got the coast of Guinea in Africa and all the islands in the Atlantic south of the canaries
What characteristics of Portugal made it an ideal place for shipping?
It’s caves, and natural harbors
Where did the magnetic Compass come from when it first arrived to Europe in the 15th century?
China
What was the ancient Greek astrolabe for?
Directional guidance, and used constellations as a guide
Where did the astrolabe originate from?
Middle East
The sternpost rudder that allowed for steering against currents, originated in?
China in the 13th century
The square European sail gave ships __________ but the lateen sail increased the ability to _______________.
Power
Maneuver
1558 Act of Supremacy
Declared the Church of England separate from the Roman Catholic Church
1559 Act of Uniformity
Brought back the “Book of Common Prayer” as the only legal form of worship in England
Edict of Nantes of 1598
Established Catholicism as the official religion of France but also granted Huguenots the right to worship as they choose
Thirty Years War (1618-1648)
Was between Catholics and Protestant states and raged in the Italy Roman Empire, where German Lutherans fought one another
What was the root cause of the Thirty Years War?
Religious disagreements, political alliances or rivalries, and the struggle for power in Europe
When can the first contact between European explorers and indigenous people in the Northern American Continent be dated back to?
500 years before Christopher Columbus did so
When did Europe experience it’s navigational revolution?
15th century
When di Arab sailors first create the Lateen sail?
First Millennium CE
What is a lateen sail?
Triangular sail that allowed ships to travel against the wind
Who founded the Society of Jesus?
Spanish Noble, Ignatius of Loyola
What was the Society of Jesus?
Religous order within the Catholic Church, where they were in charge of :
1] Chiefly Education of young Catholic men
2] Conversions of non christians
3] Acting as advisors of Catholic rulers in Europe
1545 Council of Trent
Where Europe’s bishops and other clerics affirmed that both good works and faith were required for salvation and that both scripture and tradition were acceptable forms of authority
What was the counter reformation?
Catholic church’s efforts to address Luther’s challenges as well as to effect other necessary reforms
