Fractional Distillation Flashcards
(25 cards)
what is crude oil
a non-renewable finite resource
what is crude oil made up of
crude oil is made up of a mixture of lots of different compounds that aren’t chemically bonded
what are most of the compounds in crude oil
most of the compounds are hydrocarbons
what are hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are molecules that are only made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms
where is crude oil found and what is it used for
crude oil is found in rocks and is useful for the productions of fuels
how is crude oil formed
crude oil is formed from the fossilised remains or ancient plankton
what are long chain hydrocarbons
long chain hydrocarbons have many carbon atoms
what are short chain hydrocarbons
short chain hydrocarbons have fewer carbon atoms
what does fractional distillation do
it separates crude oils
what are the products of fractional distillation known as
fractions
how does fractional distillation separate crude oil
by using their different boiling points
what are the 3 steps of the fractional distillation process in order
1) Evaporation
2) Condensation
3) Collection
explain the fractional distillation process
1) the crude oil is evaporated
2) the vapour is put in a fractioning column at the bottom and rises upwards
3) the temperature Is highest at the bottom and lowest at the top
4) Long chain hydrocarbons condense at the bottom and are collected as liquids
5) Short chain hydrocarbons rise to the top and due to their lower boiling points
6) the fractions are then collected
what are the crude oil processed to make
1) end products such as Fuels like petrol and diesel
2) Solvents, Lubricants and Detergents
where do long chain hydrocarbons condense
they condense at the bottom where it is hotter
where do short chain hydrocarbons condense
they condense at the top where it is cooler
what is bitumen used for
Bitumen is used for surfacing roads and rooves
what is petrol used for
fuelling cars
what is Kerosene used for
fuelling aircraft
what is gases used for
domestic heating and cooking
what is diesel oil used for
fuel for trains
what is fuel oil used for
fuelling power stations and large ships
what is refinery gas used for
bottled gases
NOTE:
Fractional distillation is the process of separating crude oil into groups of hydrocarbons with similar numbers of carbon atoms.
NOTE:
Fractional distillation is the process of separating crude oil into groups of hydrocarbons with similar numbers of carbon atoms.
