Fracture

Question 1

Holstein-lewis fracture

Answer 1

Humeral shaft fracture
At the junction of middle and distal thirds
Associated radial nerve injury

Question 2

Monteggia fracture dislocation
Hint:both bones

Answer 2

Fracture of proximal third of shaft of ulna +Radial head dislocation

Type 1-Most common(Bado Classification)

Question 3

Galeazzi fracture dislocation
Hint:”D-both”

Answer 3

Fracture of distal third radius shaft + dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint

Fracture of necessity (reduction and internal fixation)

Question 4

Colles fracture
Hint:”AFTER C”

Answer 4

Distal radius fracture at cortico-cancellous junction
Dinner fork deformity
Dorsal angulation and displacement
Post menopausal women
Fall on outstretched hand

Question 5

Smith fracture
Hint:(Colles-Smith DGVF)

Answer 5

Distal radius fracture at the cortico-cancellous junction
Garden spade deformity
Volar angulation and displacement
Reverse colles fracture
Fall on the back of the hand

Question 6

Rolando Fracture

Answer 6

Comminuted intra-articular fracture of base of the first metacarpal

Question 7

Boxers fracture

Answer 7

Fracture through the neck of 5th metacarpal

Question 8

Elbow fracture
In which age group are elbow dislocations most common?

Answer 8

Young adults

Question 9

Elbow dislocation
* How are elbow dislocations classified?

Answer 9

Simple (no fracture) or complex (with fracture)

Question 10

What are the two main types of stabilizers for the elbow joint?

Answer 10

Static (ligaments) and Dynamic (muscles)

Question 11

What is a common way a patient presents after an elbow dislocation?

Answer 11

High-energy fall with a painful, deformed, and swollen elbow

Question 12

Why is a complete neurovascular examination crucial during elbow dislocation assessment?

Answer 12

To identify potential nerve damage (especially ulnar nerve) and blood vessel injury

Question 13

What are the initial X-rays required to diagnose an elbow dislocation?

Answer 13

AP and lateral plain film radiographs of the elbow

Question 14

What is the first step in managing an elbow dislocation after examination?

Answer 14

Closed reduction (repositioning the joint)

Question 15

How long is immobilization typically needed after a simple elbow dislocation with no fracture?

Answer 15

5-14 days (depending on practice)

Question 16

What is a common complication of elbow dislocation?

Answer 16

Early stiffness with loss of terminal extension

Question 17

What is the name of the most unstable elbow dislocation injury?

Answer 17

Terrible Triad (lateral ligament injury, radial head fracture, coronoid fracture)

Question 18

What is the most common type of distal radius fracture?

Answer 18

Colles’ fracture (accounting for 90%)

Question 19

How does age affect the risk of distal radius fractures?

Answer 19

Risk increases with age (fragility fractures) in osteoporotic bone.

Question 20

Are children at risk for distal radius fractures?

Answer 20

Yes, children between 5-15 years old are also prone

Question 21

What is the most common cause of distal radius fractures?

Answer 21

Fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)

Question 22

Describe the mechanism of injury for a Colles’ fracture.

Answer 22

Fall forward with outstretched hand forcing wrist into supination (dorsal angulation and displacement).

Question 23

Describe the mechanism of injury for a Smith’s fracture.

Answer 23

Fall backward with outstretched hand causing forced pronation (volar angulation).

Question 24

What type of fracture is a Barton’s fracture?

Answer 24

Intra-articular fracture with radiocarpal joint dislocation (volar or dorsal).

Question 25

What are the main risk factors for distal radius fractures?

Answer 25

Factors related to osteoporosis (increasing age, female gender, etc.)

Question 26

How do patients with a distal radius fracture typically present?

Answer 26

Pain, deformity, swelling around the fracture site, possible neurological involvement.

Question 27

What should a neurological examination for a suspected distal radius fracture assess

Answer 27

Median nerve, anterior interosseous nerve, ulnar nerve, radial nerve function.

Question 28

List some differential diagnoses for a distal radius fracture.

Answer 28

Forearm fracture, carpal bone fracture, tendonitis, wrist dislocation.

Question 29

What are the initial imaging studies for diagnosing a distal radius fracture?

Answer 29

Plain radiographs (assessing radial height, inclination, and tilt).

Question 30

When might CT or MRI scans be used for distal radius fractures?

Answer 30

Complex fractures for surgical planning (after initial management).

Question 31

What is the priority after a trauma case like a distal radius fracture?

Answer 31

Resuscitation and stabilization of the patient.

Question 32

When is closed reduction performed for distal radius fractures?

Answer 32

For all displaced fractures to realign the bones under anesthesia.

Question 33

How are stable, reduced distal radius fractures typically immobilized?

Answer 33

Below-elbow backslab cast with follow-up X-rays after 1 week.

Question 34

What is the role of physiotherapy after distal radius fracture healing?

Answer 34

Regaining full wrist function.

Question 35

When might surgery be necessary for a distal radius fracture?

Answer 35

Significantly displaced/unstable fractures or intra-articular step >2mm.

Question 36

List some surgical fixation options for distal radius fractures.

Answer 36

Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with plating or K-wire fixation.

Question 37

What is a potential complication of distal radius fractures with significant malunion?

Answer 37

Median nerve compression

Question 38

Fracture pattern Transverse

Answer 38

Fracture line perpendicular to long axis of bone Force from direct blow by moving object

Question 39

Fracture pattern Oblique

Answer 39

Acute angle with long arm of bone

Question 40

Fracture pattern Spiral

Answer 40

Spirally in more than 1plane Indirect rotational/twisting force

Question 41

Comminuted fracture pattern

Answer 41

Multiple fragments High energy injuries/force acts along axis of bone

Question 42

Segmental fracture pattern

Answer 42

Two fractures in 1bone leaving a free segment in between

Question 43

Impacted fracture pattern

Answer 43

Bone fails in depression I.e calcenous break after a fall from height ,valgus impacted fractures of the femoral neck

Question 44

Avulsion fracture

Answer 44

Traction from a ligament/tendon/capsular insertion Can result from explosive muscular contractions I.e lateral band of plantar fascia

Question 45

Open fracture

Answer 45

Fracture hematoma communicates with ext/into epithelial surface

Question 46

Closed fracture

Answer 46

Overlying skin and soft tissue are intact