Fracture Healing & Bone Remodeling & Healing Complications

Question 1

What is the first stage of fracture healing?

Answer 1

Inflammatory phase

Question 2

What forms at the fracture site during the inflammatory phase?

Answer 2

Hematoma

Question 3

What is the second stage of fracture healing?

Answer 3

Reparative phase

Question 4

What forms first in the reparative phase?

Answer 4

Soft callus

Question 5

What replaces the soft callus?

Answer 5

Hard callus

Question 6

What is the final stage of fracture healing?

Answer 6

Remodeling phase

Question 7

What is the function of osteoblasts?

Answer 7

Bone formation

Question 8

What is the function of osteoclasts?

Answer 8

Bone resorption

Question 9

What is the function of osteocytes?

Answer 9

Maintain bone matrix

Question 10

What is the organic component of bone matrix?

Answer 10

Type I collagen

Question 11

What is the inorganic component of bone matrix?

Answer 11

Minerals (hydroxyapatite)

Question 12

What are the two types of macroscopic bone?

Answer 12

Cortical and trabecular bone

Question 13

What is the primary function of cortical bone?

Answer 13

Strength and support

Question 14

What is the primary function of trabecular bone?

Answer 14

Shock absorption

Question 15

What type of ossification forms long bones?

Answer 15

Endochondral ossification

Question 16

What type of ossification forms skull bones?

Answer 16

Intramembranous ossification

Question 17

What type of fracture does not break the skin?

Answer 17

Simple (closed) fracture

Question 18

What type of fracture breaks the skin?

Answer 18

Compound (open) fracture

Question 19

What type of fracture has multiple fragments?

Answer 19

Comminuted fracture

Question 20

What type of fracture is common in children?

Answer 20

Greenstick fracture

Question 21

What type of fracture occurs due to repetitive stress?

Answer 21

Stress fracture

Question 22

What type of fracture is caused by disease?

Answer 22

Pathologic fracture

Question 23

What is a delayed union?

Answer 23

Fracture healing takes longer than normal

Question 24

What is non-union?

Answer 24

Fracture fails to heal

Question 25

What is malunion?

Answer 25

Fracture heals incorrectly

Question 26

What is osteonecrosis?

Answer 26

Bone death due to poor blood supply

Question 27

What is another name for osteonecrosis?

Answer 27

Avascular necrosis

Question 28

What is a major risk factor for osteonecrosis?

Answer 28

Corticosteroid use

Question 29

What type of bone is stronger, cortical or trabecular?

Answer 29

Cortical bone

Question 30

What type of bone is more flexible, cortical or trabecular?

Answer 30

Trabecular bone