Fractures

Question 1

What are fractures?

Answer 1

Fractures are discontinuation in the bone or cartilage

Question 2

What are the types of fractures?

Answer 2

• Complete fracture: extends all the way across the bone (most common)
  • Transverse fracture: perpendicular to the axis of the bone
  • Oblique fracture: orientated obliquely across the bone
  • Spiral fracture: helical fracture path usually in the diaphysis of long bones
  • Comminuted fracture: more than two parts
• Incomplete fracture: does not cross the bone completely (usually

Question 3

What are some fracture terms?

Answer 3

• Closed fracture: fracture where the adjacent skin is intact.
• Open fracture: fracture with skin penetration of a fracture
fragment.
• Comminuted fracture: fracture with > 2 bone fragments.
• Intra-articular fracture: fracture line continues up to the joint

Question 4

Type of Fractures and their causes?

Answer 4

• Stress fracture: caused by excessive stress to the bone
• Insufficiency fracture: Caused by decreased bone strength
• Impacted Fracture
• Avulsion Fracture: Fracture in the bone where a tendon is inserted
• Pathological Fracture: occurs in abnormal bones

Question 5

Types of pediatric fractures?

Answer 5

• Greenstick fracture: When the bone is bent (Distal radius and ulna)
• Torus fracture: creates a buckle in the cortix

Question 6

What are the 3 stages of bone healing?

Answer 6

• Inflammation
• Reparative
• Remodeling

Question 7

What are the types of abnormal healing?

Answer 7

• Non-union: A fracture with a minimum of at least nine months since the
initial injury with no signs of healing for the final three months.
• Malunion: Occurs when a fracture heals in a non-anatomical position
Delayed union: fracture healing takes about twice as long as expected for a
specific location