fractures

Question 1

tibial shaft fracture caused by tension

Answer 1

transverse

Question 2

tibial shaft fracture caused by compression

Answer 2

oblique

Question 3

tibial shaft fracture caused by bending

Answer 3

butterfly

Question 4

tibial shaft fracture caused by torsion

Answer 4

spiral

Question 5

management of tibial shaft fracture

Answer 5

conservative- above knee cast

operative- IM nailing, open reduction internal fixation

Question 6

femoral shaft fracture history

Answer 6

typically high energy injuries

major trauma patients

Question 7

management of femoral shaft fracture

Answer 7

conservative- not typical

IM nail, plate fixation

Question 8

features to a Colle’s fracture

Answer 8

dorsal displacement of the distal fragement
radial displacement of the hand
radial shortening due to impaction
avulsion of the ulnar styloid

Question 9

colles fracture

Answer 9

transverse fracture of the distal radius near the wrist causing the distal portion to displace posteriorly

Question 10

cause of colles fracture

Answer 10

fall on outstretched hand

Question 11

scaphoid fracture presents

Answer 11

tenderness in anatomical snuff box

Question 12

complications of scaphoid fracture

Answer 12

avascular necrosis and non-union

Question 13

ankle fractures involve

Answer 13

lateral malleolus or the medial malleolus

Question 14

3 main types of pelvic injurt

Answer 14

lateral compression fracture
vertical shear fracture
anteroposterior compression injury

Question 15

lateral compression fracture of pelvis

Answer 15

occurs with a side impact where one half of the pelvis is displaced medially

Question 16

vertical shear fracture of pelvis

Answer 16

due to axial force on one hemipelvis where the affected hemipelvis is displaced superiorly

Question 17

anteroposterior compression injury

Answer 17

may result in wide distribution of the pubic symphysis the pelvis opening up like the pages of a book

Question 18

typical cause of hip fracture

Answer 18

osteoporosis in elderly

Question 19

intracapsular hip fractures complications

Answer 19

disruption of arterial supply and risk of avascular necrosis and non-union

Question 20

management of intracapsular hip fractures

Answer 20

displaced:
- hemi-arthroplasty (replacing femoral head alone)
- total hip replacement (replacing the acetabulum and femoral head)
nondisplaced:
- IF with screws

Question 21

extracapsular hip fractures management

Answer 21

intertrochanteric:
- DHS
subtrochanteric:
- IM nailing

Question 22

initial management of femoral shaft fracture

Answer 22

initial resus- optimizing analgesia with a femoral nerve block
application of a thomas splint

Question 23

definitive management of femoral shaft fracture

Answer 23

closed reduction and stabilisation with an intramedullary nail
also
minimally invasive plate fixation, minimal disruption to the fracture site blood supply

Question 24

management of knee dislocation

Answer 24

surgical emergency

reduced urgently with thorough neurovascular assessment

Question 25

lateral ankle ligaments

Answer 25

anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments and calcaneofibular ligament

Question 26

criteria used to identify suspected ankle fracture

Answer 26

ottawa

Question 27

ottawa criteria

Answer 27

severe localised tenderness of the distal tibia or fibula or inability to weight bear for four steps

Question 28

stable ankle fracture

Answer 28

isolated distal fibular fractures with no medial fracture or rupture of the deltoid ligament

Question 29

stable ankle fracture management

Answer 29

walking cast or splint for around 6 weeks

Question 30

unstable ankle fracture

Answer 30

distal fibular fracture with rupture of the deltoid ligament

Question 31

management of unstable ankle fracture

Answer 31

ORIF with plates and screws

Question 32

management of midfoot fracture

Answer 32

closed or open reduction with fixation using screws

Question 33

what type of fracture would need a oblique view Xray as well as lateral and AP

Answer 33

scaphoid acetabulum tibial plateau

Question 34

what fracture would you use tomogram

Answer 34

mandibular fracture

Question 35

when would you use CT to assess fractures

Answer 35

vertebrae pelvis calcaneus scapular glenoid

Question 36

Management of femur fracture under age of 1

Answer 36

gallows traction

Question 37

what is likely damaged in a supracondylar fracture of the humerus

Answer 37

brachial artery

Question 38

management of achilles tendon rupture

Answer 38

non-operative: suture repair? or non-operative: casts in the equinous position

Question 39

management of achilles tendonitis

Answer 39

rest, physiotherapy condition use of heel raise to offload the tendon and use of splint or boot resistant cases: - tendon decompression and resection of paratenon

Question 40

management of non-displaced fracture of distal fibula

Answer 40

treated in plaster and followed up

Question 41

classic presentation of hip dislocation

Answer 41

internally rotated leg | head of the femur lies posteriorly to the acetabulum