Fractures

Question 1

A Type I Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?

Answer 1

Physis

Question 2

A Type II Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?

Answer 2

Physis and metaphysis

Question 3

A Type III Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?

Answer 3

Physis and epiphysis

Question 4

A Type IV Salter-Harris fracture involves a fracture where?

Answer 4

Physis, metaphysis and epiphysis

Question 5

How is a Type I S-H fracture different from a Type V?

Answer 5

Type I: Complete shear of the physis

Type V: Compression fx of the physis

Question 6

Which Salter-Harris fracture is the most common?

Answer 6

Type II

Question 7

What is the gender bias in regards to the rate of fractures?

Answer 7

Males: MC in 2nd/3rd decades, decrease @ 45 years, then increase after 65 years
Females: MC up to 20 years, decrease @ 45 years, then steadily increases from there

Question 8

At which ages and locations are FOOSH injuries most likely to occur?

Answer 8

< 5 years: Supracondylar fx
5-10 years: Transverse radial metaphysis
10-16 years: Epiphyseal separation and radius
16-35 years: Scaphoid fx (other carpals)
> 40 years: Ulna or Colles fx
>70 years: Neck of humerus

Question 9

What is the most common fracture site in the elderly?

Answer 9

Thoracolumbar spine

Question 10

What are the rates of fracture repair in infants, adolescents and adults?

Answer 10

Infants: 4-6 weeks
Adolescents: 6-8 weeks
Adults: 10-12 weeks

Question 11

What portion of the clavicle is most likely fractured?

Answer 11

Middle third

Question 12

Describe the Neer Classification for humeral fractures.

Answer 12

Type I: 1 segment fx
Type II: 2 segment fx of anatomical neck
Type III: 2 segment fx of surgical neck
Type IV: Fx of greater tuberosity
Type V: Fx of lesser tuberosity
Type VI: Multipart fx

Question 13

Which bone is usually only fractured in severe, direct trauma, as in an MVA?

Answer 13

Scapula

Question 14

What is the most common injury to the elbow in children?

Answer 14

Supracondylar fx

Question 15

What is the most common injury to the elbow in adults?

Answer 15

Radial head or neck fx

Question 16

What type of fracture is most common in kids?

Answer 16

Greenstick

Question 17

Which type of radial head fx is the most common, and how does it occur?

Answer 17

Type I: Vertical fx w/o displacement

Question 18

What is Monteggia’s fracture?

Answer 18

A fx of the proximal 1/3 of the ulna w/ dislocation of the head of the radius

Question 19

By which mechanism does a Monteggia’s fracture occur?

Answer 19

FOOSH w/ hyper-pronation of the forearm

Question 20

What is Galeazzi’s fracture?

Answer 20

A fx of the radius w/ dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint

Question 21

What is the most common forearm fracture in a child, and at what years is it most common?

Answer 21

Torus fx; 6-10 years of age

Question 22

What is Colles fracture, and to what population does it most commonly occur?

Answer 22

A fx of the radius about an inch above the carpals w/ posterior displace of the distal fragment; Elderly

Question 23

Patients with a Colles fracture will often have what associated with it?

Answer 23

Ulnar styloid fx

Question 24

What is Smith’s fracture?

Answer 24

Fx of the radius w/ volar (anterior) angulation of the distal fragment

Question 25

What is Barton's fracture?

Answer 25

Fx of the anterior or posterior rim of the radius w/ accompanying carpal dislocation

Question 26

A fracture of the radial styloid process is referred to as?

Answer 26

Hutchinson's/Chauffer's fx

Question 27

What is the most commonly fractured carpal?

Answer 27

Scaphoid

Question 28

What is the second-most commonly fractured carpal?

Answer 28

Triquetrum

Question 29

What is the third-most commonly fractured carpal?

Answer 29

Hamate

Question 30

A fracture of the neck of the metacarpals is called?

Answer 30

Boxer's/Bar room fx

Question 31

What is Baseball or Mallet Finger?

Answer 31

An avulsion of the extensor tendon on the dorsal surface of the base of the distal phalanx

Question 32

The most common location of a fracture in the first metacarpal occurs where?

Answer 32

Proximal portion

Question 33

The most common injury to the first metacarpal is an oblique fracture of the base of the first metacarpal associated with dorsal subluxation. What is it called?

Answer 33

Bennett's fx

Question 34

What is the most common location of a hip fracture?

Answer 34

Subcapital

Question 35

What type of fracture is most commonly associated with hip trauma?

Answer 35

Insufficiency

Question 36

A stress fracture will produce what type of radiographic evidence?

Answer 36

Initially absent, usually appears in 7-10 days

Question 37

What radiographic finding in the femur is usually indicative of child abuse?

Answer 37

Metaphyseal corner fractures

Question 38

What type of injury most likely occurs as a result of a fall off of a bicycle?

Answer 38

Avulsion of the anterior tibial spine

Question 39

What is the most common type of fracture of the patella?

Answer 39

Transverse

Question 40

A type of avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial condyle of the knee that occurs in association with a tear in the ACL is called?

Answer 40

Segond fx

Question 41

A spiral fracture of the proximal 1/3 of the fibula with an associated fracture of the medial malleolus or rupture of the deep deltoid ligament is called?

Answer 41

Maisonneuve fx

Question 42

What is the most common combination of injury that occurs in Neer's ring analogy?

Answer 42

Bimalleolar fx

Question 43

Which tarsal bone is most commonly fractured?

Answer 43

Calcaneus

Question 44

Which Roentgenometric is used to determine if the calcaneus is fractured? At what measurement is the bone fractured?

Answer 44

Boehler's angle; Angle should not be less than 28 degrees

Question 45

What is the second-most commonly fractured tarsal?

Answer 45

Talus

Question 46

A transverse fracture at the base of the fifth metatarsal is called?

Answer 46

Jones/Dancer's fx

Question 47

By which mechanism does a Jones fracture most commonly occur?

Answer 47

Plantar flexion and inversion

Question 48

Stress fractures of the feet most commonly involve which metatarsal shafts?

Answer 48

2nd and 3rd