Fractures

Question 1

Elbow dislocation: presentation:

Answer 1

flexion conrtacture

swelling/deformity may have absent radial pulses (due to coming from brachial artery)

Question 2

Elbow dislocation: before reduction what is important

Answer 2

to assess brachial artery, median and ulnar nerve

Question 3

nightstick fracture + mechanism

Answer 3

isolated ulnar fracture
usually protective (holding hands in front of face)

Question 4

what does osteomyelitis look like on xray?

Answer 4

looks like sequestrum - dead bone surrounded by radiolucent

Question 5

retrochiasmal (optic tract lesions will cause)
left
right

Answer 5

left optic tract will cause: homonomymous (half) hemianopia RIGHT SIDE
right optic tract = left side

Question 6

chiasm pituitary adenoma will cause

Answer 6

bilateral hemianopia

Question 7

optic nerve:

Answer 7

decreased vision in SAME EYE

Question 8

5th metatarsal fracture causses

Answer 8

avulsion injury
jones
stress

peroneus brevis and tertius attach here

Question 9

salter harris which ones conservative and which ones are ORIF?

Answer 9

salter harris 1 and 2 = conservative

3-6 = ORIF

Question 10

salter one

Answer 10

straight across epiphysis

Question 11

salter two

Answer 11

above the epiphypsysi

Question 12

salter three

Answer 12

extends from above to BELOW growth plate

Question 13

salter four

Answer 13

two or rhtough the growth plate

Question 14

salter 5

Answer 14

ERasing of growth plate = crush injury

Question 15

3 xrays for shoulder dislocaitons + which (ant or post requires CT maybe?

Answer 15

scapular y posterior and anterior

opsterior CT

Question 16

two lesions associated with shoulder dislocations and what they are

Answer 16

hill sachs lesion = posterior divot in humeral head

bony bankart lesions = avulsion of the anterior glenoid labrum

Question 17

NOF treatment :

what is intracapsular and extracapular?

Answer 17

intratcapusular is subcapital and transcervical

extracapsular = is intrtrochanteric and bwloe

Question 18

intrapcaularsar treatment

Answer 18

non displaced = DHS

displaced (hemi vs arthoplasty)

Question 19

extracapsular treatment:

stable vs unstable

Answer 19

stable: dynamic hip screw

unstable IM nailiting

Question 20

laryngomalacia what is this?

Answer 20

soft immature cartilage of laryngeal area that collapses on inspiration causing stridor

Question 21

what is treatment:

what % need surgical intervention?

Answer 21

treat conservatively, majority will resolve spontaneously at 12 months

15% will need surgical intervention

Question 22

if it is CVA (stroke) what occurs

Answer 22

UMN lesion = will spare the forehead as bilaterally innervated

Question 23

what is prebycusis? which type hearing loss is this?

is it symmetrical?

Answer 23

Sensorineural hearing loss:
loss of hearing at higher frequencies at old age - will show down sploing at the graph

yes symmetrical bilateral

Question 24

vocal cord palsy following tonsillectomy

which nerve?

Answer 24

not in the right place to damage this structure)

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 25

where does recurrent laryngeal nerve arise from

Answer 25

vagus at arch of aorta

Question 26

otosclerosis what is it

Answer 26

overgrowth of bone of the inner ear stpaes

Question 27

what is most common SNHL in adults?

Answer 27

preabycusis

Question 28

otosclerosis : what type of HL and why does this occur? acquired/genetic?

Answer 28

conductive hearling loss due to overgrowth of stapes and inability to stamp on oval window as bone laid dwon genetic